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Article

Development of Polyelectrolyte Complexes for the Delivery of Peptide-Based Subunit Vaccines against Group A Streptococcus

by
Lili Zhao
1,
Wanli Jin
1,
Jazmina Gonzalez Cruz
2,
Nirmal Marasini
1,
Zeinab G. Khalil
3,
Robert J. Capon
3,
Waleed M. Hussein
1,4,
Mariusz Skwarczynski
1,* and
Istvan Toth
1,3,5,*
1
School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
2
Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
3
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
4
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
5
School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(5), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050823
Submission received: 3 April 2020 / Revised: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 23 April 2020 / Published: 26 April 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Nanomaterials in Biological Systems and Applications in Nanomedicine Field)
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Abstract

Peptide subunit vaccines hold great potential compared to traditional vaccines. However, peptides alone are poorly immunogenic. Therefore, it is of great importance that a vaccine delivery platform and/or adjuvant that enhances the immunogenicity of peptide antigens is developed. Here, we report the development of two different systems for the delivery of lipopeptide subunit vaccine (LCP-1) against group A streptococcus: polymer-coated liposomes and polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). First, LCP-1-loaded and alginate/trimethyl chitosan (TMC)-coated liposomes (Lip-1) and LCP-1/alginate/TMC PECs (PEC-1) were examined for their ability to trigger required immune responses in outbred Swiss mice; PEC-1 induced stronger humoral immune responses than Lip-1. To further assess the adjuvanting effect of anionic polymers in PECs, a series of PECs (PEC-1 to PEC-5) were prepared by mixing LCP-1 with different anionic polymers, namely alginate, chondroitin sulfate, dextran, hyaluronic acid, and heparin, then coated with TMC. All produced PECs had similar particle sizes (around 200 nm) and surface charges (around + 30 mV). Notably, PEC-5, which contained heparin, induced higher antigen-specific systemic IgG and mucosal IgA titers than all other PECs. PEC systems, especially when containing heparin and TMC, could function as a promising platform for peptide-based subunit vaccine delivery for intranasal administration.
Keywords: lipopeptide subunit vaccine; liposomes; polyelectrolyte complexes; nanoparticles; group A streptococcus lipopeptide subunit vaccine; liposomes; polyelectrolyte complexes; nanoparticles; group A streptococcus
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhao, L.; Jin, W.; Cruz, J.G.; Marasini, N.; Khalil, Z.G.; Capon, R.J.; Hussein, W.M.; Skwarczynski, M.; Toth, I. Development of Polyelectrolyte Complexes for the Delivery of Peptide-Based Subunit Vaccines against Group A Streptococcus. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050823

AMA Style

Zhao L, Jin W, Cruz JG, Marasini N, Khalil ZG, Capon RJ, Hussein WM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Development of Polyelectrolyte Complexes for the Delivery of Peptide-Based Subunit Vaccines against Group A Streptococcus. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(5):823. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050823

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhao, Lili, Wanli Jin, Jazmina Gonzalez Cruz, Nirmal Marasini, Zeinab G. Khalil, Robert J. Capon, Waleed M. Hussein, Mariusz Skwarczynski, and Istvan Toth. 2020. "Development of Polyelectrolyte Complexes for the Delivery of Peptide-Based Subunit Vaccines against Group A Streptococcus" Nanomaterials 10, no. 5: 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050823

APA Style

Zhao, L., Jin, W., Cruz, J. G., Marasini, N., Khalil, Z. G., Capon, R. J., Hussein, W. M., Skwarczynski, M., & Toth, I. (2020). Development of Polyelectrolyte Complexes for the Delivery of Peptide-Based Subunit Vaccines against Group A Streptococcus. Nanomaterials, 10(5), 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050823

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