Surface Analysis of Lithium Disilicate Ceramics After Use of Charcoal-Containing Toothpastes

Background: This study evaluated the effect of charcoal-containing toothpaste on the surface roughness of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic (e.max CAD) after simulated toothbrushing. Methods: Forty-eight e.max CAD ceramic specimens were divided into four groups (n = 12) and subjected to 18,000 brushing cycles using a toothbrushing simulator. The groups included Crest 3D White Charcoal, Colgate Optic White with Charcoal, Arm & Hammer Charcoal White, and a control group (conventional toothpaste). Surface roughness was measured with a profilometer before and after brushing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for topographical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and post hoc comparisons. Results: Significant differences in surface roughness were found among the groups (p < 0.001). The mean roughness values were 540.70 ± 21.68 µm (Control), 294.88 ± 11.49 µm (Crest 3D White Charcoal), 1157.00 ± 52.85 µm (Colgate Optic White with Charcoal), and 593.37 ± 37.69 µm (Arm & Hammer Charcoal White). Post hoc analysis showed that Colgate Optic White with Charcoal had the highest roughness, which was significantly different from all other groups (p < 0.001). SEM analysis revealed severe surface degradation with Colgate Optic White with Charcoal, while Crest 3D White Charcoal caused minimal changes. Conclusions: Charcoal-containing toothpastes vary in abrasiveness, with Colgate Optic White with Charcoal causing the most significant surface roughness and damage to lithium disilicate ceramics.