Effect of Modified Triple-Layer Application on the Bond Strength of Different Dental Adhesive Systems to Dentin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Tooth Specimen Preparation
2.2. Bonding Procedure
2.3. Micro-Tensile Bond Strength Testing
2.4. Failure Mode Analysis
2.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Micro-Tensile Bond Strength Testing
3.2. Failure Mode Analysis
3.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Resin–Dentin Interface
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The laboratory adhesive properties were mostly material-dependent.
- For better bond strength performance, CSE, OBU, and PBU were benefited by the A technique; for OBFL, the use of the AAA technique could be recommended to achieve stability in the adhesive layer.
- The combination of ABT with an MLA was a good choice for the highly filled OBFL. This explains that the LR-MTLA was considered a novel approach in the field of adhesive dentistry with an acceptable bond stability after 6 months.
- Clinicians must consider the chemistry and the physical features of each adhesive system in an attempt to determine its ideal performance before applying the MTLA.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Classification | Composition * | Manufacturer | Recommendation by the Manufacturer for Adhesive Application |
---|---|---|---|---|
PBU | Mild Universal pH = 2.5 | 10-MDP, PENTA, isopropanol, water, photoinitiator, bi- and multifunctional acrylate | Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany | Apply PBU to all cavity surfaces. Avoid pooling. Keep PBU slightly agitated for 20 s. Evaporate solvent with air for at least 5 s. Light cure. |
OBU | Universal pH = 2.5–3.0 | Acetone, HEMA, GDMA, ethanol, GPDM | Kerr Co, Orange, CA, USA | Using the disposable applicator brush, apply a generous amount of OBU adhesive to the enamel/dentin surface. Scrub the surface with a brushing motion for 20 s. Dry the adhesive with gentle air first and then medium air for at least 5 s with oil-free air. The surface should have a glossy uniform appearance. If not, repeat the bonding and drying steps. Light cure. |
OBFL | Three-step etch-and- rinse pH primer: 1.9; pH bonding: 6.9 | Etchant: 37.5% H3PO4 Primer: HEMA, GPDM, MMEP, water, ethanol, CQ, and BHT Adhesive: Bis-GMA, HEMA, GDMA, CQ, and filler (fumed SiO2, barium aluminoborosilicat, Na2SiF6), coupling factor A174 | Kerr Co, Orange, CA, USA | Apply OBFL primer using an applicator brush over enamel and dentin surfaces with a light scrubbing motion for 15 s. Gently air dry for approximately 5 s. At this point, the dentin surface should have a slightly shiny appearance. Using a new applicator brush, apply OBFL adhesive to the prepared enamel and dentin surfaces with a light scrubbing motion for 15 s, creating a thin coating. Gently air dry for approximately 5 s. Light cure. |
CSE | Two-step self-etch pH primer = 1.76 pH bond = 2 | Primer: 10-MDP, HEMA, hydrophilic dimethacrylate, CQ, DEPT, water, ethanol Bond: MDP, HEMA, Bis-GMA, hydrophobic dimethacrylate, CQ, DEPT, silanized colloidal silica | Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan | Apply primer for 20 s. Dry with mild air flow. Apply bond. Apply air flow gently. Light cure. |
Technique | CSE | OBFL | OBU | PBU |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | X19.02 (3.19) a | X29.66 (5.25) a | X28.3 (5.02) a | X26.16 (8.9) a |
APP | X16.86 (2.74) a | XY11.87 (4.66) b | XY13.6 (2.25) b | Y7.34 (2.2) b |
AAP | X17.12 (5.20) a | X15.25 (2.79) b | X12.5 (3.73) b | X10.17 (3.1) b |
AAA | X19.77 (2.98) a | XY17.16 (6.39) b | X20.6 (8.73) ab | Y11.49 (2.8) b |
Technique | CSE | OBFL | OBU | PBU |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | X17.60 (3.75) a | X13.73 (3.12) a | X16.71 (6.13) a | X20.11 (2.95) a |
APP | X7 (3.98) b | X10.26 (5.8) b | X6.75 (3.26) b | X7.51 (3.75) b |
AAP | X10.31 (4.22) b | X8.38 (1.47) b | X8.57 (2.46) b | X6.7 (2.74) b |
AAA | Y10.43 (2.77) b | X18.03 (5.26) a | Y9.24 (1.76) b | Y9.06 (4.24) b |
Technique/Adhesive | Aging | |
---|---|---|
CSE | 24 h | 6 months |
A | 19.02 (3.19) X | 17.60 (3.75) X |
APP | 16.86 (2.74) X | 7 (3.98) Y |
AAP | 17.12 (5.20) X | 10.31 (4.22) Y |
AAA | 19.77 (2.98) X | 10.43 (2.77) Y |
OBFL | 24 h | 6 months |
A | 29.66 (5.25) X | 13.73 (3.12) Y |
APP | 11.87 (4.66) X | 10.26 (5.8) X |
AAP | 15.25 (2.79) X | 8.38 (1.47) Y |
AAA | 17.16 (6.39) X | 18.03 (5.26) X |
OBU | 24 h | 6 months |
A | 28.3 (5.02) X | 16.71 (6.13) Y |
APP | 13.6 (2.25) X | 6.75 (3.26) Y |
AAP | 12.5 (3.73) X | 8.57 (2.46) X |
AAA | 20.6 (8.73) X | 9.24 (1.76) Y |
PBU | 24 h | 6 months |
A | 26.16 (8.9) X | 20.11 (2.95) X |
APP | 7.34 (2.2) X | 7.51 (3.75) X |
AAP | 10.17 (3.1) X | 6.7 (2.74) X |
AAA | 11.49 (2.8) X | 9.06 (4.24) X |
Technique | Material | Aging | Failure Types | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adhesive | Mixed | Cohesive Resin | Cohesive Dentin | |||
A | CSE | 24 h | 14 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
6 months | 13 | 15 | 1 | 1 | ||
APP | CSE | 24 h | 10 | 14 | 3 | 3 |
6 months | 17 | 9 | 2 | 2 | ||
AAP | CSE | 24 h | 13 | 16 | 1 | 0 |
6 months | 17 | 11 | 2 | 0 | ||
AAA | CSE | 24 h | 11 | 15 | 2 | 2 |
6 months | 16 | 10 | 2 | 2 |
Technique | Material | Aging | Failure Types | |||
Adhesive | Mixed | Cohesive Resin | Cohesive Dentin | |||
A | OBFL | 24 h | 11 | 19 | 0 | 0 |
6 months | 16 | 12 | 1 | 1 | ||
APP | OBFL | 24 h | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
6 months | 16 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||
AAP | OBFL | 24 h | 13 | 15 | 2 | 0 |
6 months | 18 | 12 | 0 | 0 | ||
AAA | OBFL | 24 h | 11 | 16 | 2 | 1 |
6 months | 14 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
Technique | Material | Aging | Failure Types | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adhesive | Mixed | Cohesive Resin | Cohesive Dentin | |||
A | OBU | 24 h | 11 | 17 | 1 | 1 |
6 months | 18 | 12 | 0 | 0 | ||
APP | OBU | 24 h | 14 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
6 months | 20 | 10 | 0 | 0 | ||
AAP | OBU | 24 h | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
6 months | 21 | 9 | 0 | 0 | ||
AAA | OBU | 24 h | 11 | 13 | 3 | 3 |
6 months | 18 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
Technique | Material | Aging | Failure Types | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adhesive | Mixed | Cohesive Resin | Cohesive Dentin | |||
A | PBU | 24 h | 10 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
6 months | 12 | 18 | 0 | 0 | ||
APP | PBU | 24 h | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
6 months | 14 | 15 | 0 | 1 | ||
AAP | PBU | 24 h | 14 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
6 months | 20 | 9 | 1 | 0 | ||
AAA | PBU | 24 h | 14 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
6 months | 15 | 14 | 1 | 0 |
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Bourgi, R.; Kharouf, N.; Cuevas-Suárez, C.E.; Lukomska-Szymańska, M.; Devoto, W.; Kassis, C.; Hasbini, O.; Mancino, D.; Haikel, Y.; Hardan, L. Effect of Modified Triple-Layer Application on the Bond Strength of Different Dental Adhesive Systems to Dentin. J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14, 522. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14100522
Bourgi R, Kharouf N, Cuevas-Suárez CE, Lukomska-Szymańska M, Devoto W, Kassis C, Hasbini O, Mancino D, Haikel Y, Hardan L. Effect of Modified Triple-Layer Application on the Bond Strength of Different Dental Adhesive Systems to Dentin. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2023; 14(10):522. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14100522
Chicago/Turabian StyleBourgi, Rim, Naji Kharouf, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Monika Lukomska-Szymańska, Walter Devoto, Cynthia Kassis, Omar Hasbini, Davide Mancino, Youssef Haikel, and Louis Hardan. 2023. "Effect of Modified Triple-Layer Application on the Bond Strength of Different Dental Adhesive Systems to Dentin" Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14, no. 10: 522. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14100522