Impact of Microwave Soil Heating on the Yield and Nutritive Value of Rice Crop
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results and Discussions
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Properties | Locations | Units | |
---|---|---|---|
Dookie, Victoria | Jerilderie, New South Wales | ||
pH (1:5 H2O) | 5.6 | 7.0 | - |
Organic Carbon | 1.2 | 0.77 | % |
Nitrate-Nitrogen | 3.6 | ˂0.55 | mg kg−1 |
Ammonium-Nitrogen | 3.2 | 10 | mg kg−1 |
Phosphorus (Colwell) | 15 | 55 | mg kg−1 |
Electrical Conductivity | 0.7 | 0.6 | dS m−1 |
Cation Exchange Capacity | 5.21 | 21.8 | cmol (+) kg−1 |
Available Potassium | 200 | 340 | mg kg−1 |
Calcium/Magnesium Ratio | 2.5 | 0.76 | - |
Zinc | 4.7 | 0.47 | mg kg−1 |
Sodium % of Cations | 8.3 | 8.6 | % |
Observations | Dookie | Jerilderie | l.s.d | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Microwave Treated | Untreated Control | Percentage Change | Microwave Treated | Untreated Control | Percentage Change | |||
Dry Biomass Weight (t ha−1) | 13.73 a | 12.44 a | 20.7% | 23.60 a | 16.50 b | 43.03% | 7.1 | 0.09 |
Dry Matter Digestibility (%) | 36.6 a | 39.3 a | – | 41.8 a | 35.3 a | – | 10.04 | 0.56 |
Ash (%) | 7.05 a | 5.84 a | – | 8.08 a | 8.17 a | – | 1.5 | 0.27 |
Nitrogen (%) | 1.5 a | 1.5 a | – | 1.4 a | 1.4 a | – | 0.28 | 0.72 |
Nitrogen Accumulation in Dry Biomass (kg ha−1) | 204.89 a | 189.41 b | 8.17% | 332.43 a | 231.68 b | 43.4% | 99.0 | 0.09 |
Nitrogen Use Efficiency (kg biomass kg N−1) | 109.83 ± 36.8 | 99.51 ± 38 | 10.37% | 188 ± 33.5 | 132 ± 34 | 42.4% | – | – |
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Khan, M.J.; Brodie, G.; Cheng, L.; Liu, W.; Jhajj, R. Impact of Microwave Soil Heating on the Yield and Nutritive Value of Rice Crop. Agriculture 2019, 9, 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9070134
Khan MJ, Brodie G, Cheng L, Liu W, Jhajj R. Impact of Microwave Soil Heating on the Yield and Nutritive Value of Rice Crop. Agriculture. 2019; 9(7):134. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9070134
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhan, Muhammad Jamal, Graham Brodie, Long Cheng, Wenwen Liu, and Ravneet Jhajj. 2019. "Impact of Microwave Soil Heating on the Yield and Nutritive Value of Rice Crop" Agriculture 9, no. 7: 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9070134