Assessment of Water Needs of Grapevines in Western Poland from the Perspective of Climate Change
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- ETp = crop potential evapotranspiration, in sufficient soil moisture conditions (mm);
- ETo = reference evapotranspiration during the month (mm);
- kc = crop coefficient, expressing the effect of a set of plant factors (related to the plant development phase) on evapotranspiration in the absence of soil moisture effect on the intensity of this process (i.e., in terms of sufficient soil moisture).
- n = number of days per month;
- p = evaporation coefficients according to Doorenbos and Pruitt [18] for months and latitude;
- t = average monthly air temperature (°C).
- Np% = precipitation deficit with a probability of occurrence equal to the p% (mm period−1);
- ETp = long-term average crop evapotranspiration in the studied period (mm period−1);
- P = average long-term precipitation in the studied period (mm period−1);
- Ap% and Bp% = numerical coefficients characterizing the variability of evapotranspiration and precipitation for a given meteorological station.
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Province | Meteorological Station | Altitude (m a.s.l.) 1 | Latitude | Longitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
West Pomeranian | Szczecin | 1 | 53°24′ | 14°37′ |
Lubusz | Zielona Góra | 182 | 51°06′ | 17°05′ |
Lower Silesian | Wrocław | 116 | 51°56′ | 15°30’ |
Month | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
kc | 0.45 | 0.70 | 0.85 | 0.90 | 0.85 | 0.70 |
Characteristic | Provinces | Months of Growing Season | Periods | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May | Jun. | Jul. | Aug. | Sep. | Oct. | Jun.–Aug. | May–Oct. | ||
Minimum (mm) | West Pomeranian | 39 | 78 | 99 | 92 | 51 | 20 | 281 | 407 |
Lubusz | 37 | 74 | 88 | 89 | 48 | 20 | 271 | 398 | |
Lower Silesian | 37 | 75 | 96 | 89 | 49 | 20 | 270 | 402 | |
Maximum (mm) | West Pomeranian | 53 | 95 | 130 | 111 | 69 | 33 | 323 | 466 |
Lubusz | 98 | 94 | 133 | 113 | 70 | 36 | 323 | 493 | |
Lower Silesian | 51 | 92 | 126 | 113 | 70 | 36 | 319 | 452 | |
Median (mm) | West Pomeranian | 47 | 85 | 113 | 102 | 59 | 27 | 297 | 433 |
Lubusz | 46 | 83 | 109 | 103 | 59 | 28 | 294 | 432 | |
Lower Silesian | 45 | 83 | 110 | 101 | 59 | 28 | 292 | 427 | |
Standard deviation (mm) | West Pomeranian | 3.1 | 4.1 | 7.3 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 11.8 | 13.5 |
Lubusz | 10.0 | 5.0 | 9.2 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 3.9 | 13.9 | 19.8 | |
Lower Silesian | 2.8 | 4.4 | 6.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 11.9 | 12.5 | |
Variability coefficient (%) | West Pomeranian | 6.8 | 4.9 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 7.0 | 13.1 | 4.0 | 3.1 |
Lubusz | 21.0 | 6.0 | 8.4 | 5.5 | 9.2 | 14.1 | 4.7 | 4.6 | |
Lower Silesian | 6.2 | 5.3 | 6.1 | 4.6 | 7.7 | 12.8 | 4.1 | 2.9 |
Periods | Provinces | ||
---|---|---|---|
West Pomeranian | Lubusz | Lower Silesian | |
May–October | 431 | 430 | 426 |
June–August | 299 | 296 | 293 |
July | 113 | 110 | 110 |
Periods | Provinces | ||
---|---|---|---|
West Pomeranian | Lubusz | Lower Silesian | |
Linear correlation coefficient | |||
May–October | 0.302 ns 1 | 0.397 ** | 0.449 ** |
June–August | 0.332 * | 0.543 *** | 0.510 *** |
July | 0.282 ns | 0.425 ** | 0.382 ** |
Tendency of water needs (mm·decade−1) | |||
May–October | 4.7 | 9.1 | 6.5 |
June–August | 4.5 | 8.7 | 7.0 |
July | 2.4 | 4.5 | 2.9 |
Probability of Rainfall Deficit Occurrence | Provinces | ||
---|---|---|---|
West Pomeranian | Lubusz | Lower Silesian | |
May–October | |||
Normal years (N50%) | 102 | 85 | 74 |
Medium dry years (N25%) | 211 | 197 | 187 |
Very dry years (N10%) | 287 | 275 | 265 |
June–August | |||
Normal years (N50%) | 105 | 83 | 76 |
Medium dry years (N25%) | 174 | 156 | 148 |
Very dry years (N10%) | 223 | 206 | 200 |
July | |||
Normal years (N50%) | 46 | 28 | 29 |
Medium dry years (N25%) | 70 | 55 | 56 |
Very dry years (N10%) | 88 | 74 | 75 |
Periods | Provinces | ||
---|---|---|---|
West Pomeranian | Lubusz | Lower Silesian | |
Linear correlation coefficient | |||
May–October | 0.261 ns 1 | 0.306 * | 0.417 ** |
June–August | 0.335 * | 0.550 *** | 0.516 *** |
July | 0.282 ns | 0.425 ** | 0.382 ** |
Tendency of temperature (°C·decade−1) | |||
May–October | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
June–August | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
July | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.7 |
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Jagosz, B.; Rolbiecki, S.; Stachowski, P.; Ptach, W.; Łangowski, A.; Kasperska-Wołowicz, W.; Sadan, H.A.; Rolbiecki, R.; Prus, P.; Kazula, M.J. Assessment of Water Needs of Grapevines in Western Poland from the Perspective of Climate Change. Agriculture 2020, 10, 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100477
Jagosz B, Rolbiecki S, Stachowski P, Ptach W, Łangowski A, Kasperska-Wołowicz W, Sadan HA, Rolbiecki R, Prus P, Kazula MJ. Assessment of Water Needs of Grapevines in Western Poland from the Perspective of Climate Change. Agriculture. 2020; 10(10):477. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100477
Chicago/Turabian StyleJagosz, Barbara, Stanisław Rolbiecki, Piotr Stachowski, Wiesław Ptach, Ariel Łangowski, Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz, Hicran A. Sadan, Roman Rolbiecki, Piotr Prus, and Maciej J. Kazula. 2020. "Assessment of Water Needs of Grapevines in Western Poland from the Perspective of Climate Change" Agriculture 10, no. 10: 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100477