Selection of Habanero Pepper F1 Hybrids (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) at the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico with a High Potential for Different Markets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Capsaicinoids Extraction and Quantification
2.2. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Variation of Qualitative Traits
Multiple Correspondence Factorial Analyses
3.2. Variation of the Quantitative Traits
3.2.1. Correlation Analysis
3.2.2. Principal Component Analysis
3.2.3. Cluster Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Acronym | Descriptors | Unit/Scores |
---|---|---|
Qualitative descriptors | ||
NFA | Number of flowers per axil (IPGRI) | 1: one, 2: two, 3: three or more, 4: many flowers in bunches |
FP | Flower position (IPGRI) | 3: pendant, 5: intermediate, 7: erect |
CCO | Corolla color (IPGRI) | 1: white, 2: Light yellow, 3: Yellow, 4: Yellow-green, 5: Purple with white base, 6: White with purple base, 7: White with purple margin, 8: Purple, 9: other |
CA | Color of anthers (SNICS) | 3: violet, 5: violet blue, 7: blue |
FC | Filament color (SNICS) | 1: light green, 2: yellow green, 3: light blue violet, 4: violet, 5: blue |
STE | Stigma exsertion (IPGRI) | 3: inserted, 5: same level, 7: exserted |
ACN | Anthocyanin coloration of nodes (SNICS) | 1: absent, 3: weak, 5: medium, 7: strong |
SS | Stem shape (SNICS) | 1: cylíndrical, 2: angled |
IGC | Intensity of Green color (SNICS) | 3: light, 5: medium, 7: dark |
LS | Leaf shape (SNICS) | 1: lanceolate, 5: ovate, 7: broad ovate |
TL | Texture of leaf blade (rugosity) (SNICS) | 3: weak, 5: moderadate, 9: strong |
LP | Leaf position (SNICS) | 1: erect, 2: horizontal |
LBM | Leaf blade margin (IPGRI) | 1: entire, 2: undulate, 3: ciliate |
IFC | Immature fruit color (SNICS) | 3: light green, 5: green, 7: dark green |
RFC | Ripe Fruit Color (SNICS) | 2: yellow, 4: orange, 5: red, 6: greyed purple |
FS | Fruit shape (SNICS) | 1: triangular, 2: campanulate, 3: square, 4: rectangular |
FST | Fruit surface texture (SNICS) | 1: smooth, 2: slightly wrinkled, 3: strongly wrinkled |
FSA | Fruit shape of apex (SNICS) | 1: acute, 3: rounded, 5: depressed, 7: depressed and acute |
MC | Margin of calyx (SNICS) | 1: entire, 2: crenate, 3: dentate |
FUS | Fruit undulation in cross section (SNICS) | 3: weak, 5: medium, 7: strong |
DPF | Density of placenta of fruit (SNICS) | 3: laxa, 5: semi-distributed, 7: compacta |
NL | Number of loculi (SNICS) | 2: two, 3: three, 4: four, 5: five |
Quantitative Descriptors | ||
G% | Germination IPGRI | Registered on 7, 10, 15, 18 and 21 days |
PH | Plant height (cm) IPGRI | Recorded when in 50% of the plants the first fruit has begun to ripen |
SL | Stem length (cm) SNICS | Height to first bifurcation. Measured immediately after first harvest |
SD | Stem diameter (cm) SNICS | Measured in the middle part to first bifurcation, immediately after first harvest |
LLB | Leaf: length of blade (cm) SNICS | Measured in the leaves that belong to the middle part of the plant, after the first harvest. |
LWB | Leaf: width of blade (cm) IPGRI, SNICS | Measured on the widest part of the leaf. |
LLP | Leaf: length of petiole (cm) SNICS | Measured in the leaves that belong to the middle part of the plant, after the first harvest. |
DFL | Days to flowering (IPGRI) | Number of days from sowing/transplanting until 50% of plants have at least one open flower |
DFR | Days to fruiting (IPGRI) | Number of days from transplanting until 50% of the plants bear mature fruits at the first and second bifurcation |
FL | Fruit length (cm) IPGRI | Average fruit length of 10 ripe fruits of the second harvest |
FWI | Fruit width (cm) IPGRI | Measured at the widest point. Average fruit width of 10 ripe fruits of the second harvest |
FW | Fruit weight (g) IPGRI | Average fruit weight of 10 ripe fruits of the second harvest |
FWT | Fruit wall thickness (cm) IPGRI | Average fruit weight of 10 ripe fruits of the second harvest |
FPL | Fruit pedicel length (cm) IPGRI | Average fruit weight of 10 ripe fruits of the second harvest |
FTP | Fruit: thickness of pedicel (cm) SNICS | Average fruit weight of 10 ripe fruits of the second harvest |
NSF | Number of seeds per fruit (IPGRI) | Average of at least 10 fruits selected from random plants |
FYP | Fruit yield/plant (g·plant−1) | Fruit yield average on 10 plants |
CC | Capsaicin content in mg·g−1 of dry weight (DW) | 20 fruits of each variety from random plants, extraction and quantification by the Collins et al. (1995) method. |
Descriptor | Descriptor Occurrence Frequency (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
NFA | Three or more = 82.5 | Many flowers in bunches = 17.5 | ||
FP | Intermediate = 55 | Erect = 45 | ||
CCO | Light yellow = 15 | Yellow = 82.5 | Yellow-green = 2.5 | |
CA | Violet = 85 | Violet blue = 2.5 | blue = 12.5 | |
FC | Light green = 77.5 | Yellow-green = 12.5 | Violet = 10 | |
STE | Same level = 25 | Exserted = 75 | ||
ACN | Absent = 7.5 | Weak= 37.5 | Medium = 32.5 | Strong = 22.5 |
SS | Cylíndrical = 80 | Angled = 20 | ||
IGC | Light = 7.5 | Medium = 42.5 | Dark = 50 | |
LS | Lanceolate = 20 | Ovate = 80 | ||
TL | Weak = 62.5 | Moderated = 37.5 | ||
LP | Erect = 45 | Horizontal = 55 | ||
LBM | Ciliate = 95 | Undulate = 5 | ||
IFC | Light green = 10 | Green = 45 | Dark green = 45 | |
RFC | Yellow = 5 | Orange = 7.5 | Red = 82.5 | Purple = 5 |
FS | Triangular = 45 | Campanulate = 10 | Square = 17.5 | Rectangular = 27.5 |
FST | Smooth = 67.5 | Slightly wrinkled = 25 | Strongly wrinkled = 7.5 | |
FSA | Acute = 42.5 | Rounded = 22.5 | Depressed = 35 | |
MC | Entire = 80 | Dentate = 20 | ||
FUS | Weak = 20 | Medium = 60 | Strong = 20 | |
DPF | Laxa = 17.5 | Semi-distributed = 80 | Compact = 2.5 | |
NL | Two = 2.5 | Three = 82.5 | Four = 15 |
Descriptors | Dimension | |
---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |
NFA | 0.026 | 0.002 |
FP | 0.059 | 0.229 |
CCO | 0.103 | 0.112 |
CA | 0.043 | 0.142 |
FC | 0.199 | 0.202 |
STE | 0.230 | 0.040 |
ACN | 0.758 | 0.319 |
SS | 0.090 | 0.124 |
IGC | 0.303 | 0.000 |
LS | 0.165 | 0.200 |
TL | 0.089 | 0.001 |
LP | 0.406 | 0.003 |
LBM | 0.080 | 0.426 |
IFC | 0.116 | 0.145 |
RFC | 0.170 | 0.167 |
FS | 0.397 | 0.314 |
FST | 0.215 | 0.360 |
FSA | 0.297 | 0.420 |
MC | 0.498 | 0.084 |
FUS | 0.334 | 0.057 |
DPF | 0.184 | 0.194 |
NL | 0.102 | 0.007 |
Total active | 4.864 | 3.548 |
% variance | 22.109 | 16.126 |
Total | 38.235 |
Mean Squares | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Traits df | Replication | Genotype | Error | p Value |
3 | 39 | 120 | ||
G (%) | 18.23 | 514.75 * | 11.45 | 0 |
PH (cm) | 47.19 | 900.77 * | 55.5 | 0 |
SL (cm) | 12.78 | 103.96 * | 7.03 | 0 |
SD (cm) | 0.014 | 0.115 * | 0.008 | 0 |
LLB (cm) | 2.05 | 4.45 * | 0.512 | 0 |
LWB (cm) | 0.874 | 1.55 * | 0.120 | 0 |
LLP (cm) | 0.951 | 0.621 * | 0.09 | 0 |
DFL | 60.91 | 132.65 * | 1.97 | 0 |
DFR | 8.75 | 122.5 * | 0.67 | 0 |
FL (cm) | 1.34 | 2.39 * | 0.67 | 0 |
FWI (cm) | 0.868 | 1.20 * | 0.34 | 0 |
FW (g) | 9.66 | 28.20 * | 5.05 | 0 |
FWT (cm) | 0.031 | 0.007 * | 0.002 | 0 |
FPL (cm) | 0.097 | 0.111 * | 0.066 | 0.019 |
FTP (cm) | 0.073 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.634 |
NSF | 156.75 | 101.8 * | 42.53 | 0 |
FYP (g·plant−1) | 7519 | 199,983,866.76 * | 13,185.38 | 0 |
CC (mg·g−1 DW) | 0.0116 | 2608.631 * | 0.161 | 0 |
F1 Lines | Plant Traits | Leaf Traits | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Cross | G (%) | PH (cm) | SL (cm) | SD (cm) | LLB (cm) | LWB (cm) | LLP (cm) |
H1 | P31 × P30 | 75 jk | 104.8 lmnopq | 45.4 klmno | 1.31 defgh | 12.5 ghijklm | 6.15 ijklm | 3.15 lmn |
H2 | P32 × P30 | 88 ef | 142.7 bc | 52.7 bcd | 1.09 lmn | 13.7 bcd | 6.3 ghijklm | 3.5 efghijk |
H3 | P33 × P30 | 85 fg | 111.9 hijklmn | 55.5 b | 1.16 ijklm | 13.05 cdefg | 6.15 jklm | 3.45 fghijk |
H4 | P35 × P30 | 60 o | 97 pqrs | 46.6 ijklmn | 1.16 ijklm | 13.1 cdefg | 6.8 defgh | 3.35 ghijkl |
H5 | P36 × P30 | 68 mn | 121.1 efgh | 50.6 cdefgh | 1.14 ijklm | 12.35 hijklm | 6.3 ghijklm | 3.85 cde |
H6 | P37 × P30 | 83 gh | 113.5 ghijklmn | 51.5 cde | 1.15 ijklm | 13.9 bc | 6.55 defghij | 3.2 jklm |
H7 | P38 × P30 | 80 hi | 123.2 defg | 47.8 fghijkl | 1.19 hijklm | 12.2 hijklmn | 6.25 hijklm | 3.6 defghi |
H8 | P40 × P30 | 100 a | 104.2 mnopq | 49.2 defghij | 1.25 efghi | 12.35 hijklm | 6.9 cdef | 3.25 hijkl |
H9 | P30 × P34 | 78 ij | 122.4 efgh | 62.4 a | 1.16 ijklm | 13.65 bcdef | 7.1 bcd | 3.55 defghij |
H10 | P30 × P31 | 83 gh | 93.5 rs | 39.2 qrs | 1.2 hijklm | 14.25 ab | 7.45 abc | 3.6 defghi |
H11 | P30 × P32 | 75 jk | 87.2 s | 45 lmno | 1.12 ijklm | 12.25 hijklmn | 6.15 ijklm | 2.9 mn |
H12 | P40 × P31 | 73 kl | 126.7def | 46.1 ijklmn | 1.35 cdef | 14.15 ab | 6.7 defghij | 3.65 defgh |
H13 | P40 × P32 | 83 gh | 106.9 jklmnop | 42.4 opq | 1.22 ghij | 11.5 o | 5.95 lmn | 3.75 cdef |
H14 | P40 × P33 | 73 kl | 115.1 ghijkl | 44.5 lmno | 1.37 cde | 13.15 cdefg | 6.85 defg | 3.55 defghij |
H15 | P40 × P34 | 93 cd | 148.5 ab | 54.2 bc | 1.37 cde | 12.4 ghijklm | 6.85 defg | 3.35 ghijkl |
H16 | P40 × P35 | 80 hi | 123 defg | 51.2 cdefg | 1.41 cd | 11.7 klmno | 6.4 fghijkl | 3.2 jklm |
H17 | P40 × P36 | 90 de | 120.3 efghi | 49 efghijk | 1.35 cdef | 12 ijklmno | 6.45 fghijkl | 3.7 defg |
H18 | P40 × P37 | 80 hi | 133.4 cd | 45.7 jklmno | 1.47 c | 12.05 ijklmno | 6 klm | 3.2 jklm |
H19 | P40 × P38 | 95 bc | 122.6 efg | 45.3 klmno | 1.39 cd | 11.75 jklmno | 6.05 klm | 3.5 efghijk |
H20 | P41 × P34 | 67 n | 138 jklmno | 44 mno | 1.9 a | 15 a | 8 a | 3.5 efghijk |
H21 | P32 × P31 | 70 lmn | 116.9 fghij | 51.5cdef | 1.21 hijklm | 12.8 defghi | 6.05 klm | 3.15 klmn |
H22 | P31 × P33 | 100 a | 120.8 efgh | 52.3 bcde | 1.22 ghij | 11.75 jklmno | 6.45 fghijkl | 3.75 cdef |
H23 | P31 × P32 | 90 de | 107.2 jklmnop | 46.9 ijklm | 1.11 jklmn | 11.65 lmno | 5.2 p | 3.15 klmn |
H24 | P37 × P35 | 98 ab | 108.5 jklmno | 47.8 ghijkl | 1.17 ijklm | 12.6 ghijkl | 6.05 klm | 3.45 fghijk |
H25 | P38 × P35 | 70 lmn | 104.4 mnopq | 42 opqr | 1.19 hijklm | 11.3 no | 5.95 lmn | 3.5 efghijk |
H26 | P40 × P35 | 67 n | 128.5 de | 42 opqr | 1.7 b | 14 bc | 7.5 ab | 4.25 ab |
H27 | P36 × P35 | 60 o | 106.5 klmnop | 45.5 klmno | 1.16 ijklm | 12.1 ijklmno | 6.25 hijklm | 3 lmn |
H28 | P37 × P40 | 90 de | 115.8 ghijk | 40.1 pqrs | 1.38 cd | 14.25 ab | 7.45 abc | 4.1 abc |
H29 | P37 × P36 | 83 gh | 114.2 ghijklm | 46.75 ijklmn | 1.21 ghijkl | 13.65 bcde | 6.75 defghi | 4.25 ab |
PROGENITORS | ||||||||
P30 | RK-01 | 88 ef | 95.9 qrs | 47 hijklm | 1.23 fghi | 11.95 ijklmno | 6.1 klm | 3.6 defghi |
P31 | RC-02 | 72 klm | 109.9 ijklmn | 46.7 ijklmn | 1.23 fjhij | 13.05 cdefg | 6.45 fghijkl | 2.9 mn |
P32 | RN-03 | 74 jkl | 115.3 ghijk | 51.9 bcde | 1.1 klmn | 11.7 klmno | 5.35 op | 3.2 jklm |
P33 | RJ-04 | 94 bcd | 130.6 de | 49.7 defghi | 1.17 ijklm | 12.25 hijklmn | 6.2 ijklm | 3.3 hijkl |
P34 | RS-05 | 94 bcd | 155.3 a | 55.5 b | 1.39 cd | 12.6 ghijkl | 6.85 defg | 4.35 a |
P35 | NB-06 | 88 ef | 95.3 qrs | 45.6 jklmno | 0.99 n | 13.35 bcdefg | 6.5efghijkl | 3.4 fghijk |
P36 | NK-07 | 72 klm | 97.3 pqrs | 43.2 nop | 1.09 nm | 11.6 mno | 5.4 nop | 2.8 no |
P37 | AK-08 | 100 a | 98.2 opqr | 38.6 rs | 1.34 defg | 12.65 efghij | 7.1bcd | 3.3 hijkl |
P38 | AS-09 | 82 ghi | 105.7 klmnopq | 42.1 opqr | 1.31 ijklm | 9.45 p | 5.3 op | 2.5 o |
P40 | MB-11 | 62 o | 130.3 de | 37.7 s | 1.43 cd | 11.8 jklmno | 5.8 mno | 3.9 bcd |
P41 | MS-12 | 90 de | 103.2 nopqr | 49.3 defghi | 1.17 ijklm | 12.7 fghijk | 7.05 bcde | 3.65 defgh |
LSD (0.05) | 4.70 | 10.45 | 3.67 | 0.12 | 0.96 | 0.59 | 0.36 |
FRUIT TRAITS | ||||||||||||
No. | CROSS | DFL | DFR | FL (cm) | FWI (cm) | FW (g) | FWT (cm) | FPL (cm) | FTP (cm) | NSF | FYP (g·plant−1) | CC (mg·g−1 DW) |
H1 | P31 × P30 | 26 d | 70 b | 4.46 jkl | 3.20 fghijk | 13.61 ef | 0.242 cde | 3.08 abcde | 0.47 abc | 48.9 abcde | 2803.38 h | 53.38 h |
H2 | P32 × P30 | 33 c | 77 a | 4.76 gh | 3.14 ghijkl | 12.04 j | 0.255 bc | 2.75 degf | 0.41 cdefg | 41.9 defghijk | 2802.46 h | 30.30 v |
H3 | P33 × P30 | 33 c | 63 c | 5.37 ab | 2.98 nopq | 11.55 k | 0.182 qr | 3.02 abcdef | 0.38 fg | 50 abcd | 3213.19 e | 71.85 e |
H4 | P35 × P30 | 33 c | 70 b | 5.03 de | 3.01 lmnop | 13.40 efg | 0.247 bcde | 2.7 gf | 0.4 defg | 41.6 defghijk | 2990.92 f | 45.12 k |
H5 | P36 × P30 | 26 d | 70 b | 5.12 cd | 3.13 ghijklm | 12.71 i | 0.237 efgh | 3.18 abc | 0.42 bcdefg | 45.5 abcdefg | 2964.19 fg | 33.61 t |
H6 | P37 × P30 | 33 c | 63 c | 4.89 efg | 3.30 ef | 12.88 hi | 0.240 defg | 3.01 abcdefg | 0.43 abcdef | 50 abcd | 2943.13 fgh | 39.53 p |
H7 | P38 × P30 | 33 c | 63 c | 3.91 pq | 3.87 b | 15.12 c | 0.247 bcde | 2.72 egf | 0.49 a | 49.3 abcde | 3375.54 cd | 48.17 i |
H8 | P40 × P30 | 33 c | 63 c | 4.81 g | 2.96 opq | 10.90 l | 0.237 efgh | 2.69 gf | 0.43 abcdef | 40.3 fghijk | 2813.07 gh | 41.99 m |
H9 | P30 × P34 | 33 c | 63 c | 4.63 hi | 3.08 jklmno | 11.95 j | 0.232 fghij | 3.28 ab | 0.39 efg | 45.5 abcdefg | 3242.48 de | 55.85 g |
H10 | P30 × P31 | 33 c | 77 a | 4.89 efg | 3.21 fghi | 13.33 fg | 0.225 hijk | 3.16 bcdegf | 0.46 abcd | 39.1 ghijk | 2619.78 i | 30.16 v |
H11 | P30 × P32 | 26 d | 70 b | 4.84 fg | 3.05 lmnop | 13.34 fg | 0.235 efghi | 2.71 cdegf | 0.44 abcdef | 49.3 abcde | 3416.95 c | 31.73 u |
H12 | P40 × P31 | 42 b | 70 b | 4.83 fg | 3.21 fghij | 12.52 i | 0.217 klm | 3.33 abcde | 0.42 bcdefg | 47.9 abcdef | 2905.59 fgh | 44.02 l |
H13 | P40 × P32 | 33 c | 63 c | 4.19 mn | 2.97 nopq | 9.83 o | 0.217 klm | 2.79 abcd | 0.42 bcdefg | 39.6 fghijk | 1865.47 pq | 32.30 u |
H14 | P40 × P33 | 33 c | 63 c | 4.98 def | 2.87 qr | 9.47 op | 0.192 pq | 3.3 cdegf | 0.4 defg | 36.9 hijk | 2090.69 o | 85.05 c |
H15 | P40 × P34 | 33 c | 63 c | 4.06 nop | 3.23 fg | 12.02 j | 0.222 ijkl | 3.02 abcdefg | 0.45 abcde | 40.1 fghijk | 1550.25 r | 73.54 d |
H16 | P40 × P35 | 26 d | 63 c | 4.40 kl | 2.96 opq | 9.18 pq | 0.202 nop | 3.56 degf | 0.44 abcdef | 37.5 ghijk | 1726.72 q | 40.78 o |
H17 | P40 × P36 | 33 c | 77 a | 4.45 jkl | 3.11 ghijklm | 8.91 q | 0.207 mno | 2.83 cdegf | 0.41 cdefg | 40 fghijk | 2139.69 no | 38.81 q |
H18 | P40 × P37 | 42 b | 70 b | 4.75 gh | 3.50 d | 12.74 hi | 0.207 mno | 3.22 a | 0.39 efg | 40.6 efghijk | 2100.85 o | 41.70 mn |
H19 | P40 × P38 | 42 b | 63 a | 4.13 no | 3.28 ef | 13.11 gh | 0.277 a | 3.3 abcd | 0.44 abcdef | 52.1 ab | 1996.91 op | 33.33 t |
H20 | P41 × P34 | 42 b | 63 a | 4.86 fg | 3.28 ef | 15.58 b | 0.260 b | 2.93 gf | 0.46 abcd | 38.8 ghijk | 9952.50 a | 48.22 i |
H21 | P32 × P31 | 26 d | 70 b | 4.54 ijk | 3.22 fgh | 12.58 i | 0.217 klm | 2.84 abcdegf | 0.43 abcdefg | 38.8 ghijk | 2089.06 o | 35.32 s |
H22 | P31 × P33 | 33 c | 63 c | 5.52 a | 2.87 qr | 10.25 n | 0.170 rs | 3.08 abcd | 0.4 defg | 35.7 ijk | 2808.57 gh | 58.36 f |
H23 | P31 × P32 | 26 d | 77 a | 4.62 hij | 3.08 ijklmno | 12.78 hi | 0.230 fghijk | 3.09 cdegf | 0.41 cdefg | 40.4 fghijk | 2407.16 jklm | 35.41 s |
H24 | P37 × P35 | 33 c | 63 c | 4.85 fg | 3.20 fghijk | 12.58 i | 0.210 lmn | 2.87 abcdefg | 0.42 bcdefg | 41.7 defghijk | 2386.57 jklm | 37.18 r |
H25 | P38 × P35 | 26 d | 63 c | 4.20 mn | 3.97 b | 13.74 de | 0.257 b | 2.98 bcdegf | 0.43 abcdefg | 48 abcdef | 3385.87 cd | 34.91 s |
H26 | P40 × P35 | 42 b | 77 a | 3.83 q | 3.44 d | 10.82 lm | 0.260 b | 2.81 degf | 0.44 abcdef | 42.9 cdefghij | 6940.00 b | 29.76 v |
H27 | P36 × P35 | 33 c | 77 a | 4.88 efg | 3.08 klmno | 11.48 k | 0.257 b | 2.88 abc | 0.43 abcdefg | 34.1 k | 2821.75 gh | 27.33 x |
H28 | P37 × P40 | 33 c | 70 b | 4.80 g | 3.40 de | 13.69 ef | 0.197 nop | 3.31 abcdegf | 0.46 abcd | 43.7 bcdefghi | 2538.07 ij | 41.40 n |
H29 | P37 × P36 | 26 d | 70 b | 4.52 ijk | 3.09 hijklmn | 11.51 k | 0.210 lmn | 3.09 abcde | 0.47 abc | 51.3 abc | 2286.72 mn | 46.17 j |
PROGENITORS | ||||||||||||
P30 | RK-01 | 26 d | 70 b | 4.90 efg | 3.01 mnop | 14.10 d | 0.220 jklm | 2.66 gf | 0.44 abcdef | 52.7 a | 2393.75 jklm | 23.68 z |
P31 | RC-02 | 33 c | 63 c | 4.31 lm | 3.13 ghijklm | 12.72 i | 0.195 opq | 2.96 abcdegf | 0.39 efg | 42.5 cdefghij | 2342.32 klm | 15.71 z |
P32 | RN-03 | 26 d | 70 b | 4.02 op | 2.81 r | 9.75 o | 0.240 defg | 3.08 abcde | 0.4 defg | 41.8 defghijk | 2276.00 mn | 20.34 z |
P33 | RJ-04 | 33 c | 70 b | 5.28 bc | 2.42 s | 6.75 s | 0.147 t | 2.86 cdegf | 0.44 abcdef | 35.1 jk | 1482.29 r | 120.38 b |
P34 | RS-05 | 33 c | 77 a | 3.63 r | 2.97 nopq | 7.77 r | 0.165 s | 3 abcdefg | 0.45 abcde | 42.9 cdefghij | 846.78 s | 147.11 a |
P35 | NB-06 | 26 d | 77 a | 4.81 g | 2.94 pq | 12.70 i | 0.252 bcd | 2.95 bcdegf | 0.44 abcdef | 44.2 bcdefghi | 2315.25 lm | 28.95 w |
P36 | NK-07 | 26 d | 70 b | 5.03 de | 3.01 lmnop | 10.46 mn | 0.227 ghijk | 2.76 degf | 0.36 g | 45.3 abcdefgh | 2501.32 ij | 29.09 w |
P37 | AK-08 | 33 c | 70 b | 4.48 ijkl | 3.67 c | 16.67 a | 0.235 efghi | 3.19 abc | 0.46 abcd | 49.3 abcde | 2485.28 ijk | 26.52 y |
P38 | AS-09 | 42 b | 70 b | 3.62 r | 4.32 a | 16.82 a | 0.277 a | 2.98 abcdegf | 0.48 ab | 50.5 abc | 2610.28 i | 23.82 z |
P40 | MB-11 | 33 c | 77 a | 4.23 mn | 2.95 pq | 13.52 ef | 0.197 nop | 3.08 abcde | 0.45 abcde | 43.5 bcdefghi | 1418.63 r | 44.54 l |
P41 | MS-12 | 48 a | 77 a | 3.41 s | 3.65 c | 9.55 op | 0.282 a | 2.97 abcdegf | 0.49 a | 49.1 abcde | 2448.00 jkl | 21.62 z |
LSD (0.05) | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.38 | 0.012 | 0.35 | 0.06 | 8.81 | 161.69 | 0.568 |
Principal Components | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eigenvalues | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Own values | 1.942 | 1.762 | 1.328 | 1.163 | 1.057 | 0.938 |
% Explained variance | 0.251 | 0.207 | 0.118 | 0.090 | 0.074 | 0.059 |
% Accumulated variance | 0.251 | 0.458 | 0.576 | 0.666 | 0.799 | 0.851 |
Traits | ||||||
G (%) | 0.118 | −0.149 | −0.285 | 0.417 | −0.047 | 0.364 |
PH (cm) | 0.315 | 0.182 | −0.360 | −0.236 | −0.050 | −0.254 |
SL (cm) | 0.249 | −0.178 | −0.165 | 0.084 | −0.445 | −0.602 |
SD (cm) | 0.100 | 0.460 | −0.118 | −0.271 | 0.230 | 0.106 |
LLB (cm) | 0.190 | 0.415 | 0.136 | 0.298 | −0.095 | 0.052 |
LWB (cm) | 0.194 | 0.335 | 0.319 | 0.360 | −0.148 | −0.188 |
LLP (cm) | 0.260 | 0.243 | −0.164 | 0.273 | −0.083 | 0.320 |
DFL | 0.057 | 0.245 | 0.015 | −0.020 | −0.142 | 0.065 |
DFR | −0.039 | 0.261 | 0.066 | −0.241 | −0.313 | 0.051 |
FL (cm) | 0.153 | −0.139 | 0.563 | 0.180 | 0.164 | −0.117 |
FWI (cm) | −0.352 | 0.216 | −0.325 | 0.065 | 0.043 | −0.030 |
FW (g) | −0.363 | 0.205 | 0.065 | 0.187 | 0.173 | −0.135 |
FWT (cm) | −0.383 | 0.177 | −0.031 | −0.056 | −0.330 | −0.202 |
FPL (cm) | 0.112 | 0.079 | −0.186 | 0.198 | 0.697 | −0.451 |
NSF | −0.279 | 0.042 | −0.242 | 0.463 | −0.128 | −0.081 |
FYP (g·plant−1) | 0.020 | 0.458 | 0.180 | −0.261 | −0.191 | 0.008 |
CC (mg·g−1 DW) | 0.395 | −0.039 | −0.216 | −0.031 | −0.014 | 0.072 |
GROUPS | SL (cm) | SD (cm) | FL (cm) | FWT (cm) | FPL (cm) | NSF | FYP (g·plant−1) | CC (mg·g−1 DW) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | 43.00 | 1.80 * | 4.35 | 0.26 | 2.87 | 40.85 | 33,785.00 * | 38.99 |
Group 2 | 52.83 * | 1.30 | 4.65 | 0.19 | 3.16 * | 39.10 | 1963.97 | 83.01 * |
Group 3 | 45.30 | 1.25 | 3.85 | 0.27 * | 2.99 | 49.80 * | 2763.32 | 32.37 |
Group 4 | 41.23 | 1.36 | 4.67 | 0.21 | 3.22 | 44.02 | 2344.70 | 38.06 |
Group 5 | 47.79 | 1.18 | 4.77 * | 0.23 | 2.88 | 44.54 | 2594.50 | 36.06 |
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Muñoz-Ramírez, L.S.; Peña-Yam, L.P.; Álvarez-Gil, M.A.; Iglesias-Andreu, L.G.; Avilés-Viñas, S.A.; Canto-Flick, A.; Guzmán-Antonio, A.; Santana-Buzzy, N. Selection of Habanero Pepper F1 Hybrids (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) at the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico with a High Potential for Different Markets. Agriculture 2020, 10, 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100478
Muñoz-Ramírez LS, Peña-Yam LP, Álvarez-Gil MA, Iglesias-Andreu LG, Avilés-Viñas SA, Canto-Flick A, Guzmán-Antonio A, Santana-Buzzy N. Selection of Habanero Pepper F1 Hybrids (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) at the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico with a High Potential for Different Markets. Agriculture. 2020; 10(10):478. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100478
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuñoz-Ramírez, Liliana S., Laura P. Peña-Yam, Martha A. Álvarez-Gil, Lourdes G. Iglesias-Andreu, Susana A. Avilés-Viñas, Adriana Canto-Flick, Adolfo Guzmán-Antonio, and Nancy Santana-Buzzy. 2020. "Selection of Habanero Pepper F1 Hybrids (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) at the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico with a High Potential for Different Markets" Agriculture 10, no. 10: 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100478
APA StyleMuñoz-Ramírez, L. S., Peña-Yam, L. P., Álvarez-Gil, M. A., Iglesias-Andreu, L. G., Avilés-Viñas, S. A., Canto-Flick, A., Guzmán-Antonio, A., & Santana-Buzzy, N. (2020). Selection of Habanero Pepper F1 Hybrids (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) at the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico with a High Potential for Different Markets. Agriculture, 10(10), 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100478