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Review

Histone Post-Translational Modifications and CircRNAs in Mouse and Human Spermatozoa: Potential Epigenetic Marks to Assess Human Sperm Quality

by
Teresa Chioccarelli
,
Riccardo Pierantoni
,
Francesco Manfrevola
,
Veronica Porreca
,
Silvia Fasano
,
Rosanna Chianese
* and
Gilda Cobellis
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(3), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030640
Submission received: 21 January 2020 / Revised: 20 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 February 2020 / Published: 27 February 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approach to Male Infertility and Induction of Spermatogenesis)
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Abstract

Spermatozoa (SPZ) are motile cells, characterized by a cargo of epigenetic information including histone post-translational modifications (histone PTMs) and non-coding RNAs. Specific histone PTMs are present in developing germ cells, with a key role in spermatogenic events such as self-renewal and commitment of spermatogonia (SPG), meiotic recombination, nuclear condensation in spermatids (SPT). Nuclear condensation is related to chromatin remodeling events and requires a massive histone-to-protamine exchange. After this event a small percentage of chromatin is condensed by histones and SPZ contain nucleoprotamines and a small fraction of nucleohistone chromatin carrying a landascape of histone PTMs. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new class of non-coding RNAs, characterized by a nonlinear back-spliced junction, able to play as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, protein scaffolds and translation templates, have been recently characterized in both human and mouse SPZ. Since their abundance in eukaryote tissues, it is challenging to deepen their biological function, especially in the field of reproduction. Here we review the critical role of histone PTMs in male germ cells and the profile of circRNAs in mouse and human SPZ. Furthermore, we discuss their suggested role as novel epigenetic biomarkers to assess sperm quality and improve artificial insemination procedure.
Keywords: histone post-translational modifications (histone PTMs); circular RNAs (circRNAs); human male infertility; sperm; spermatogenesis; fertilization; embryo development histone post-translational modifications (histone PTMs); circular RNAs (circRNAs); human male infertility; sperm; spermatogenesis; fertilization; embryo development

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chioccarelli, T.; Pierantoni, R.; Manfrevola, F.; Porreca, V.; Fasano, S.; Chianese, R.; Cobellis, G. Histone Post-Translational Modifications and CircRNAs in Mouse and Human Spermatozoa: Potential Epigenetic Marks to Assess Human Sperm Quality. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030640

AMA Style

Chioccarelli T, Pierantoni R, Manfrevola F, Porreca V, Fasano S, Chianese R, Cobellis G. Histone Post-Translational Modifications and CircRNAs in Mouse and Human Spermatozoa: Potential Epigenetic Marks to Assess Human Sperm Quality. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(3):640. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030640

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chioccarelli, Teresa, Riccardo Pierantoni, Francesco Manfrevola, Veronica Porreca, Silvia Fasano, Rosanna Chianese, and Gilda Cobellis. 2020. "Histone Post-Translational Modifications and CircRNAs in Mouse and Human Spermatozoa: Potential Epigenetic Marks to Assess Human Sperm Quality" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 3: 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030640

APA Style

Chioccarelli, T., Pierantoni, R., Manfrevola, F., Porreca, V., Fasano, S., Chianese, R., & Cobellis, G. (2020). Histone Post-Translational Modifications and CircRNAs in Mouse and Human Spermatozoa: Potential Epigenetic Marks to Assess Human Sperm Quality. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(3), 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030640

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