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Article

Oral Health Assessment in Adolescents with End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease

by
Natalia Sergeevna Morozova
1,
Ekaterina Andreevna Maslikova
2,
Alina Alekseevna Elovskaya
2,
Olga Vladimirovna Nesterova
3,
Arif Fuad Allahverdiyev
1,
Natalya Zhorzhevna Dikopova
4,
Alexander Grigorievich Volkov
4,
Oleg Vitalievich Sergeyev
5,
Ellina Valerievna Velichko
6,
Larisa Dmitrievna Maltseva
6,† and
Olga Leonidovna Morozova
7,*
1
Department of Dental Diseases Propaedeutics, E.V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 117418 Moscow, Russia
2
Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, E.V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 121059 Moscow, Russia
3
Department of Chemistry, A.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119571 Moscow, Russia
4
Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, E.V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 121059 Moscow, Russia
5
Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology Named After A.A. Vorobyov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119019 Moscow, Russia
6
Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Digital Biodesign and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119019 Moscow, Russia
7
Department of Pathophysiology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University), 117513 Moscow, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Deceased author.
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(1), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010165
Submission received: 21 November 2025 / Revised: 14 December 2025 / Accepted: 22 December 2025 / Published: 25 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Clinical Approaches in Oral Health Prevention and Management)
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: End-stage chronic kidney disease (ESKD) represents a complex condition that also impacts oral health. This pilot study evaluates and compares some approaches to oral health assessment and aims to define the specific oral features common in adolescents with ESKD. Methods: A total of 50 children aged 12 to 17 years were examined, including 30 adolescents with ESKD (Group 1) and 20 adolescents without urinary pathology (Group 2). The decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index, oral hygiene index-simplified, papillary marginal attached index, and periodontal index were used for dental and periodontal assessment. The Milwaukee PH56 device was used to determine salivary pH. Oral microbiota was analyzed by chromatography–mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria. Salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, VEGF, sIgA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: DMFT did not differ between the groups. Periodontal indices in Group 1 were increased compared to Group 2 (p < 0.0001). Salivary pH in Group 1 was slightly alkaline; in Group 2, it was slightly acidic (p < 0.0001). Oral dysbiosis and periodontopathogenic bacteria were found in ESKD adolescents. Salivary IL-1β, TNF-α, VEGF, and IL-1β in GCF were elevated in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p < 0.05). TNF-α, IL-8, and VEGF in GCF and TAC in both fluids were lower in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p < 0.0001). Salivary IL-8 and sIgA in both saliva and GCF did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: ESKD adolescents had poor oral hygiene and significant oral dysbiosis including periodontopathogenic bacteria. Evaluation of biomarkers in saliva and GCF allowed us to vindicate inflammation, dysbiosis severity, and periodontal diseases.
Keywords: chronic kidney disease; oral health; oral hygiene; microbiota; biomarkers; adolescents chronic kidney disease; oral health; oral hygiene; microbiota; biomarkers; adolescents

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MDPI and ACS Style

Morozova, N.S.; Maslikova, E.A.; Elovskaya, A.A.; Nesterova, O.V.; Allahverdiyev, A.F.; Dikopova, N.Z.; Volkov, A.G.; Sergeyev, O.V.; Velichko, E.V.; Maltseva, L.D.; et al. Oral Health Assessment in Adolescents with End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease. J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15, 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010165

AMA Style

Morozova NS, Maslikova EA, Elovskaya AA, Nesterova OV, Allahverdiyev AF, Dikopova NZ, Volkov AG, Sergeyev OV, Velichko EV, Maltseva LD, et al. Oral Health Assessment in Adolescents with End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2026; 15(1):165. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010165

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morozova, Natalia Sergeevna, Ekaterina Andreevna Maslikova, Alina Alekseevna Elovskaya, Olga Vladimirovna Nesterova, Arif Fuad Allahverdiyev, Natalya Zhorzhevna Dikopova, Alexander Grigorievich Volkov, Oleg Vitalievich Sergeyev, Ellina Valerievna Velichko, Larisa Dmitrievna Maltseva, and et al. 2026. "Oral Health Assessment in Adolescents with End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease" Journal of Clinical Medicine 15, no. 1: 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010165

APA Style

Morozova, N. S., Maslikova, E. A., Elovskaya, A. A., Nesterova, O. V., Allahverdiyev, A. F., Dikopova, N. Z., Volkov, A. G., Sergeyev, O. V., Velichko, E. V., Maltseva, L. D., & Morozova, O. L. (2026). Oral Health Assessment in Adolescents with End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 15(1), 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010165

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