Vitamin D Levels in COVID-19 Outpatients from Western Mexico: Clinical Correlation and Effect of Its Supplementation

Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Clinics, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), Edificio Q, 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico

COVID-19 Situation Room (Analysis Group), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico

Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Emerging and Reemerging Diseases (LaDEER), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), Edificio Q, 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico

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Institute for Research in Childhood and Adolescent Cancer (INICIA), Department of Human Reproduction, Child Growth and Development Clinics, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), Edificio Q, 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

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The authors are considered as the first author.

Academic Editors: Emmanuel Andrès and Luca Quartuccio

J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(11), 2378; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112378

Received: 16 March 2021 / Revised: 23 May 2021 / Accepted: 26 May 2021 / Published: 28 May 2021

(This article belongs to the Section Immunology)

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Abstract

Background: The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are known to be beneficial in viral infections; it is also known that its deficiency is associated with a prognosis more critical of Coronavirus Disease 2019. This study aimed to determine baseline vitamin D serum concentrations and the effects of its supplementation in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 outpatients. Methods: 42 outpatients were included, 22 of which received a supplement of 10,000 IU of vitamin D3 for 14 days; the remaining 20 outpatients were designated as a control group. Serum levels of transferrin, ferritin, vitamin D, and D-dimer were measured at baseline in both groups. After 14 days, serum levels of total vitamin D were determined in the supplemented group. Results: At baseline, only 19% of infected outpatients had vitamin D levels corresponding to sufficiency. All outpatients with vitamin D insufficiency had at least one symptom associated with the disease, while only 75% of patients with symptoms presented sufficiency. On the seventh and fourteenth day of follow-up, the supplemented group presented fewer symptoms with respect to those non-supplemented. A vitamin D3 dose of 10,000 IU/daily for 14 days was sufficient to raise vitamin D serum concentrations. Conclusions: Immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D appear to be linked to the development of symptoms in positive outpatients. Vitamin D supplementation could have significant benefits in the Western Mexican population. View Full-Text

Keywords: vitamin D; ergocalciferol; cholecalciferol; coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Latin America; biochemical parameters; supplementation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sánchez-Zuno, G.A.; González-Estevez, G.; Matuz-Flores, M.G.; Macedo-Ojeda, G.; Hernández-Bello, J.; Mora-Mora, J.C.; Pérez-Guerrero, E.E.; García-Chagollán, M.; Vega-Magaña, N.; Turrubiates-Hernández, F.J.; Machado-Sulbaran, A.C.; Muñoz-Valle, J.F. Vitamin D Levels in COVID-19 Outpatients from Western Mexico: Clinical Correlation and Effect of Its Supplementation. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2378. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112378

AMA Style

Sánchez-Zuno GA, González-Estevez G, Matuz-Flores MG, Macedo-Ojeda G, Hernández-Bello J, Mora-Mora JC, Pérez-Guerrero EE, García-Chagollán M, Vega-Magaña N, Turrubiates-Hernández FJ, Machado-Sulbaran AC, Muñoz-Valle JF. Vitamin D Levels in COVID-19 Outpatients from Western Mexico: Clinical Correlation and Effect of Its Supplementation. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(11):2378. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112378

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sánchez-Zuno, Gabriela A., Guillermo González-Estevez, Mónica G. Matuz-Flores, Gabriela Macedo-Ojeda, Jorge Hernández-Bello, Jesús C. Mora-Mora, Edsaúl E. Pérez-Guerrero, Mariel García-Chagollán, Natali Vega-Magaña, Francisco J. Turrubiates-Hernández, Andrea C. Machado-Sulbaran, and José F. Muñoz-Valle. 2021. "Vitamin D Levels in COVID-19 Outpatients from Western Mexico: Clinical Correlation and Effect of Its Supplementation" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 11: 2378. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112378

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Vitamin D Levels in COVID-19 Outpatients from Western Mexico: Clinical Correlation and Effect of Its Supplementation

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