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Volume 12
Issue 2
10.3390/membranes12020208
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Article

Bisphenol A Removal Using Visible Light Driven Cu2O/PVDF Photocatalytic Dual Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane

by
Siti Hawa Mohamed Noor
1,
Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
1,*,
Watsa Khongnakorn
2,
Oulavanh Sinsamphanh
3,
Huda Abdullah
4,
Mohd Hafiz Puteh
1,5,
Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
6,
Hazirah Syahirah Zakria
1,
Tijjani El-badawy
1,
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
1,
Mukhlis A. Rahman
1 and
Juhana Jaafar
1
1
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
2
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
3
Faculty of Environmental Science, Dongdok Campus, National University of Laos, Xaythany District, Vientiane 01080, Laos
4
Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
5
School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
6
College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Membranes 2022, 12(2), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020208
Submission received: 24 December 2021 / Revised: 26 January 2022 / Accepted: 26 January 2022 / Published: 10 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue in Honor of Professor Ahmad Fauzi Ismail)
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Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is amongst the endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) that cause illness to humans and in this work was removed using copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) visible light photocatalyst which has a narrow bandgap of 2.2 eV. This was done by embedding Cu2O into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes to generate a Cu2O/PVDF dual layer hollow fiber (DLHF) membrane using a co-extrusion technique. The initial ratio of 0.25 Cu2O/PVDF was used to study variation of the outer dope extrusion flowrate for 3 mL/min, 6 mL/min and 9 mL/min. Subsequently, the best flowrate was used to vary Cu2O/PVDF for 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 with fixed outer dope extrusion flowrate. Under visible light irradiation, 10 mg/L of BPA was used to assess the membranes performance. The results show that the outer and inner layers of the membrane have finger-like structures, whereas the intermediate section of the membrane has a sponge-like structure. With high porosity up to 63.13%, the membrane is hydrophilic and exhibited high flux up to 13,891 L/m2h. The optimum photocatalytic membrane configuration is 0.50 Cu2O/PVDF DLHF membrane with 6 mL/min outer dope flowrate, which was able to remove 75% of 10 ppm BPA under visible light irradiation without copper leaching into the water sample.
Keywords: bisphenol A; photocatalytic activity; visible light photocatalytic dual layer hollow fiber membrane bisphenol A; photocatalytic activity; visible light photocatalytic dual layer hollow fiber membrane

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mohamed Noor, S.H.; Othman, M.H.D.; Khongnakorn, W.; Sinsamphanh, O.; Abdullah, H.; Puteh, M.H.; Kurniawan, T.A.; Zakria, H.S.; El-badawy, T.; Ismail, A.F.; et al. Bisphenol A Removal Using Visible Light Driven Cu2O/PVDF Photocatalytic Dual Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane. Membranes 2022, 12, 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020208

AMA Style

Mohamed Noor SH, Othman MHD, Khongnakorn W, Sinsamphanh O, Abdullah H, Puteh MH, Kurniawan TA, Zakria HS, El-badawy T, Ismail AF, et al. Bisphenol A Removal Using Visible Light Driven Cu2O/PVDF Photocatalytic Dual Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane. Membranes. 2022; 12(2):208. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020208

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Noor, Siti Hawa, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Watsa Khongnakorn, Oulavanh Sinsamphanh, Huda Abdullah, Mohd Hafiz Puteh, Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan, Hazirah Syahirah Zakria, Tijjani El-badawy, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, and et al. 2022. "Bisphenol A Removal Using Visible Light Driven Cu2O/PVDF Photocatalytic Dual Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane" Membranes 12, no. 2: 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020208

APA Style

Mohamed Noor, S. H., Othman, M. H. D., Khongnakorn, W., Sinsamphanh, O., Abdullah, H., Puteh, M. H., Kurniawan, T. A., Zakria, H. S., El-badawy, T., Ismail, A. F., Rahman, M. A., & Jaafar, J. (2022). Bisphenol A Removal Using Visible Light Driven Cu2O/PVDF Photocatalytic Dual Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane. Membranes, 12(2), 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020208

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