Fabrication of High Performance PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane Using Less Toxic Solvent at Different Additive Loading and Air Gap
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Fabrication of Single Layer PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane
2.2.1. Preparation of Polymer Dope Solution
2.2.2. Dry-Wet Spinning Technique
2.3. Physical-Chemical Characterization
2.4. Pure Water Flux and BSA Rejection Performance
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Viscosity of Dope Solution
3.2. Morphology of PVDF HFM
3.3. Surface Roughness of PVDF HFM
3.4. Mechanical Strength and Wettability of PVDF HFM
3.5. Water Flux and BSA Performance
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | PVDF (wt.%) | TEP (wt.%) | DMAc (wt.%) | PEG 400 (wt.%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
HFM 0 | 15 | 50 | 35 | 0 |
HFM 1 | 15 | 50 | 34 | 1 |
HFM 2 | 15 | 50 | 33 | 2 |
HFM 3 | 15 | 50 | 32 | 3 |
Sample Name | Dope Flow Rate (rpm) | Bore Fluid Type | Bore Fluid Flow Rate (mL/min) | Coagulation Bath | Spinneret Dimension (mm) | Air Gap (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HFM 0-10 | 26 | Water | 8 | water | 0.8/1.2 | 10 |
HFM 1-10 | 10 | |||||
HFM 2-10 | 10 | |||||
HFM 2-20 | 20 | |||||
HFM 2-30 | 30 | |||||
HFM 3-10 | 10 |
Sample | Air-Gap (cm) | Outer Diameter (µm) | Thickness (µm) |
---|---|---|---|
HFM 2-10 | 10 | 1510 | 360 |
HFM 2-20 | 20 | 1300 | 305 |
HFM 2-30 | 30 | 1230 | 280 |
PVDF Sample | σmax Tensile Strength (MPa) | εb Elongation at Break (%) |
---|---|---|
0-10 | 4.08 ± 0.1 | 134.65 ± 0.8 |
1-10 | 2.66 ± 0.8 | 109.18 ± 1.0 |
2-10 | 2.08 ± 0.1 | 94.3 ± 4.3 |
2-20 | 2.91 ± 0.3 | 112.28 ± 2.8 |
2-30 | 2.78 ± 0.1 | 132.74 ± 1.0 |
3-10 | 2.34 ± 0.3 | 102.74 ± 1.1 |
Sample | Type of Solvent | PEG 400 Loading (wt.%) | Air Gap (cm) | Water Flux (L/m2 h) | BSA Rejection (%) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HFM 0-10 | TEP/DMAc | 0 | 10 | 1060.54 | 91.2 | This study |
HFM 1-10 | TEP/DMAc | 1 | 10 | 1585.85 | 90.3 | This study |
Flat sheet PA/PSF | NMP/DMF | 0 | - | 28.6 | - | [45] |
Flat sheet PA/PSF | NMP/DMF | 3 | - | 36.5 | - | [45] |
Flat sheet PA/PSF | NMP/DMF | 6 | - | 47.4 | - | [45] |
Flat sheet PA/PSF | NMP/DMF | 9 | - | 39.9 | - | [45] |
Flat sheet PVDF | DMAc | 2 | - | 24 ± 1.3 | - | [31] |
Flat sheet PVDF | DMAc | 4 | - | 30 ± 2.5 | - | [31] |
Hollow PVDF/Fe3+/Cu2+ | DMAc | 1.5 | 12 | 35 | 91.6 | [47] |
Flat sheet PVDF | DMAc | 5 | - | - | 80 | [48] |
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Zakria, H.S.; Othman, M.H.D.; Kadir, S.H.S.A.; Kamaludin, R.; Jilani, A.; Omar, M.F.; Bakar, S.A.; Jaafar, J.; Rahman, M.A.; Abdullah, H.; et al. Fabrication of High Performance PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane Using Less Toxic Solvent at Different Additive Loading and Air Gap. Membranes 2021, 11, 843. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110843
Zakria HS, Othman MHD, Kadir SHSA, Kamaludin R, Jilani A, Omar MF, Bakar SA, Jaafar J, Rahman MA, Abdullah H, et al. Fabrication of High Performance PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane Using Less Toxic Solvent at Different Additive Loading and Air Gap. Membranes. 2021; 11(11):843. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110843
Chicago/Turabian StyleZakria, Hazirah Syahirah, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir, Roziana Kamaludin, Asim Jilani, Muhammad Firdaus Omar, Suriani Abu Bakar, Juhana Jaafar, Mukhlis A. Rahman, Huda Abdullah, and et al. 2021. "Fabrication of High Performance PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane Using Less Toxic Solvent at Different Additive Loading and Air Gap" Membranes 11, no. 11: 843. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110843