Brain Correlates of Chinese Handwriting and Their Relation to Reading Development in Children: An fMRI Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Handwriting Tests
2.3. Reading Skill Tests
2.4. fMRI Analysis
2.4.1. Stimuli and Procedures
2.4.2. Imaging Data Acquisition
2.4.3. Preprocessing
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.5.1. Brain Activation Analysis
2.5.2. Lateralization Analysis
2.5.3. Correlation between Brain Activation and Functional Lateralization during Handwriting and Reading
2.5.4. Post Hoc Power Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Behavioral Results
3.2. Brain Activation Results
3.3. Functional Lateralization Results
3.4. Association between Brain Correlates of Handwriting and Reading
4. Discussion
4.1. Brain Activation during Chinese Handwriting in Children
4.2. Brain Lateralization during Chinese Handwriting in Children
4.3. The Relationship between Neural Correlates of Handwriting and Reading Skills
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Mean (Standard Deviation) |
---|---|
Age (years) | 10.40 (0.54) |
Sex (male/female) | 15/21 |
IQ | 111.81 (15.56) |
Handwriting skills | |
Writing quality | 25.55 (6.08) |
Copying speed (in s) | 101.49 (27.18) |
Writing fluency (sentences) | 27.64 (4.82) |
Writing fluency (digits) | 58.50 (12.20) |
Reading skills | |
Character recognition | 2908.46 (261.60) |
Reading speed (characters) | 100.58 (19.57) |
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Zhang, J.; Kang, L.; Li, J.; Li, Y.; Bi, H.; Yang, Y. Brain Correlates of Chinese Handwriting and Their Relation to Reading Development in Children: An fMRI Study. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 1724. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121724
Zhang J, Kang L, Li J, Li Y, Bi H, Yang Y. Brain Correlates of Chinese Handwriting and Their Relation to Reading Development in Children: An fMRI Study. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(12):1724. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121724
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Jun, Liying Kang, Junjun Li, Yizhen Li, Hongyan Bi, and Yang Yang. 2022. "Brain Correlates of Chinese Handwriting and Their Relation to Reading Development in Children: An fMRI Study" Brain Sciences 12, no. 12: 1724. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121724