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Applied Sciences
Volume 16
Issue 11
10.3390/app16115558
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Green-Synthesized Pd Nanoparticles Incorporated in Polymer Matrix Designed for Optical Applications

by
Biliana Georgieva
1,
Georgi Mateev
1,*,
Ivanka Hambarliyska
2,
Anton Slavov
2,
Maria Karteva
2,
Natalia Berberova-Buhova
1,3,
Dimana Nazarova
1,
Lian Nedelchev
1 and
Daniela Karashanova
1
1
Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies “Acad. J. Malinowski”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bontchev Str., Block 109, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
2
Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
3
National Centre of Excellence Mechatronics and Clean Technologies, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, Sofia, Bulgaria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(11), 5558; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115558
Submission received: 15 April 2026 / Revised: 26 May 2026 / Accepted: 28 May 2026 / Published: 2 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Green Sustainable Science and Technology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In this study, we employed one of the green synthesis methods utilizing water extracts prepared from solid industrial wastes of Rosa damascena Mill. (RD) and Oriental variety tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)-mixed stems and leaves (O) as a natural reducing agent for PdCl2 to obtain environmentally friendly Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in TEM were applied to determine the morphology, microstructure, phase, and elemental composition of PdNPs synthesized. The concentration of PdNPs in the suspensions was quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), which is essential for their intended application. Furthermore, the synthesized PdNPs were incorporated as dopant into a polymer matrix (PAZO) developed for optical applications. As will be demonstrated, doping PAZO with specific concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 1 wt. %) of green PdNPs enhances the maximal value of the photoinduced birefringence by more than 50%. This improvement enables more efficient inscription of polarization-selective holographic optical elements in the resulting photoanisotropic nanocomposite materials with nearly 25% higher diffraction efficiency. Using a digital polarization holographic setup, the spatial modulation of polarization was recorded on thin nanocomposite films of the azopolymer PAZO, doped with certain concentrations of the green PdNPs.
Keywords: green synthesis method; Rosa damascena Mill.; Nicotiana tabacum; palladium nanoparticles; optical properties; digital polarization holographic recording green synthesis method; Rosa damascena Mill.; Nicotiana tabacum; palladium nanoparticles; optical properties; digital polarization holographic recording

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MDPI and ACS Style

Georgieva, B.; Mateev, G.; Hambarliyska, I.; Slavov, A.; Karteva, M.; Berberova-Buhova, N.; Nazarova, D.; Nedelchev, L.; Karashanova, D. Green-Synthesized Pd Nanoparticles Incorporated in Polymer Matrix Designed for Optical Applications. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 5558. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115558

AMA Style

Georgieva B, Mateev G, Hambarliyska I, Slavov A, Karteva M, Berberova-Buhova N, Nazarova D, Nedelchev L, Karashanova D. Green-Synthesized Pd Nanoparticles Incorporated in Polymer Matrix Designed for Optical Applications. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(11):5558. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115558

Chicago/Turabian Style

Georgieva, Biliana, Georgi Mateev, Ivanka Hambarliyska, Anton Slavov, Maria Karteva, Natalia Berberova-Buhova, Dimana Nazarova, Lian Nedelchev, and Daniela Karashanova. 2026. "Green-Synthesized Pd Nanoparticles Incorporated in Polymer Matrix Designed for Optical Applications" Applied Sciences 16, no. 11: 5558. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115558

APA Style

Georgieva, B., Mateev, G., Hambarliyska, I., Slavov, A., Karteva, M., Berberova-Buhova, N., Nazarova, D., Nedelchev, L., & Karashanova, D. (2026). Green-Synthesized Pd Nanoparticles Incorporated in Polymer Matrix Designed for Optical Applications. Applied Sciences, 16(11), 5558. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115558

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