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Volume 15
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10.3390/app152312353
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Review

Mine Water Production, Treatment, and Utilization in the Yellow River Basin: Spatial Patterns and Sustainable Transformation Pathways

by
Wenjie Li
1,2,
Hao Xie
1,
Wenjie Sun
1,2,*,
Yunchun Han
1,
Xiaodong Jiang
2,
Gang Huang
1 and
Pengfei Tao
1
1
State Key Laboratory of Safe Mining of Deep Coal and Environmental Protection, Huainan Mining (Group) Co., Ltd., Huainan 232000, China
2
College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(23), 12353; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312353
Submission received: 19 October 2025 / Revised: 14 November 2025 / Accepted: 19 November 2025 / Published: 21 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogeology and Regional Groundwater Flow)
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Abstract

The Yellow River Basin faces high-intensity coal resource development and severe water scarcity. This makes the treatment and use of mine water a critical factor constraining both coal industry development and ecological security for the region. This study uses kernel density estimation and the Standard Deviational Ellipse model to identify the spatial pattern of mine water production. It also combines bibliometric analysis and field investigations to assess research progress and current practice for mine water treatment and use in the basin. Results show that mine water production displays strong spatial clustering, with the center of gravity shifting northward. Research is moving from an engineering-focused stage to a theory-oriented one, emphasizing systematic optimization and sustainable use. Current practices still struggle with non-standardized data, uneven treatment quality, and incomplete management systems. This research underscores the importance of improving the region’s integrated management of mine water and proposes shifting mine water from an environmental burden to a resource asset.
Keywords: Yellow River Basin; mine water; treatment and utilization; spatial pattern; coal development Yellow River Basin; mine water; treatment and utilization; spatial pattern; coal development

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, W.; Xie, H.; Sun, W.; Han, Y.; Jiang, X.; Huang, G.; Tao, P. Mine Water Production, Treatment, and Utilization in the Yellow River Basin: Spatial Patterns and Sustainable Transformation Pathways. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 12353. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312353

AMA Style

Li W, Xie H, Sun W, Han Y, Jiang X, Huang G, Tao P. Mine Water Production, Treatment, and Utilization in the Yellow River Basin: Spatial Patterns and Sustainable Transformation Pathways. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(23):12353. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312353

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Wenjie, Hao Xie, Wenjie Sun, Yunchun Han, Xiaodong Jiang, Gang Huang, and Pengfei Tao. 2025. "Mine Water Production, Treatment, and Utilization in the Yellow River Basin: Spatial Patterns and Sustainable Transformation Pathways" Applied Sciences 15, no. 23: 12353. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312353

APA Style

Li, W., Xie, H., Sun, W., Han, Y., Jiang, X., Huang, G., & Tao, P. (2025). Mine Water Production, Treatment, and Utilization in the Yellow River Basin: Spatial Patterns and Sustainable Transformation Pathways. Applied Sciences, 15(23), 12353. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312353

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