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Volume 13
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10.3390/app131810438
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Article

Field Experiments on 3D Groundwater Flow Patterns in the Deep Excavation of Gravel-Confined Aquifers in Ancient Riverbed Areas

by
Na Xu
1,2,
Yujin Shi
3,
Jianxiu Wang
1,2,*,
Yuanbin Wu
1,
Jianshen Lu
4,
Ruijun Zhou
5,
Xinlei Huang
3 and
Zhenhua Ye
1,2,*
1
College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2
Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
3
Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, Shanghai 200072, China
4
Shanghai Guanglian Environmental Geotechnical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
5
China 20 Metallurgical Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201999, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(18), 10438; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810438
Submission received: 12 August 2023 / Revised: 6 September 2023 / Accepted: 9 September 2023 / Published: 18 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geotechnical Structure Analysis and Risk Assessment in Tunnel Engineering)
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Abstract

In ancient riverbed areas, the hydro-geological conditions are extremely complex because of the cutting of ancient river channels during the sedimentary process. How to lower groundwater level in water-riched gravel-confined aquifer during deep excavation is vital for underground engineering. Groundwater flow patterns had to be understood during foundation pit dewatering. This paper presents a field case study conducted at the deep foundation pit of the Qianjiang Century City station on Hangzhou Metro Line 6, which is notable for its 52 m deep unclosed waterproof curtain. A total of 34 pumping wells were installed within the pit. During the tests, one well was subjected to a pumping well, while the others served as observation wells. The research included two sets of multi-depth pumping tests, which differed in terms of their filter lengths, aimed at investigating the flow pattern around pump wells and the roots of diaphragm walls. The study found that the use of longer filters, higher pump rates, and filters placed nearer to aquifer roofs enhances dewatering efficiency and minimizes impact on the surrounding geological environment. This paper introduces a novel concept known as the diaphragm wall–pumping well effect, which regulates the water head outside the pit and the subsidence, thereby optimizing the drawdown of the deep foundation pit with an unclosed waterproof curtain. The findings were applied in the foundation pit dewatering of Qianjiang Century City station, and the drawdown in and outside the pit was effectively controlled.
Keywords: deep foundation pit; dewatering; pumping test; 3D groundwater flow; flow pattern; drawdown deep foundation pit; dewatering; pumping test; 3D groundwater flow; flow pattern; drawdown

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Xu, N.; Shi, Y.; Wang, J.; Wu, Y.; Lu, J.; Zhou, R.; Huang, X.; Ye, Z. Field Experiments on 3D Groundwater Flow Patterns in the Deep Excavation of Gravel-Confined Aquifers in Ancient Riverbed Areas. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 10438. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810438

AMA Style

Xu N, Shi Y, Wang J, Wu Y, Lu J, Zhou R, Huang X, Ye Z. Field Experiments on 3D Groundwater Flow Patterns in the Deep Excavation of Gravel-Confined Aquifers in Ancient Riverbed Areas. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(18):10438. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810438

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu, Na, Yujin Shi, Jianxiu Wang, Yuanbin Wu, Jianshen Lu, Ruijun Zhou, Xinlei Huang, and Zhenhua Ye. 2023. "Field Experiments on 3D Groundwater Flow Patterns in the Deep Excavation of Gravel-Confined Aquifers in Ancient Riverbed Areas" Applied Sciences 13, no. 18: 10438. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810438

APA Style

Xu, N., Shi, Y., Wang, J., Wu, Y., Lu, J., Zhou, R., Huang, X., & Ye, Z. (2023). Field Experiments on 3D Groundwater Flow Patterns in the Deep Excavation of Gravel-Confined Aquifers in Ancient Riverbed Areas. Applied Sciences, 13(18), 10438. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810438

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