Trapping Entomopathogenic Fungi from Vine Terroir Soil Samples with Insect Baits for Controlling Serious Pests
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insects
2.2. Sampling—Entrapment of Entomopathogenic Fungi
2.3. Isolation of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Conidia Identification Method
2.4. Colony Forming Units of Fungi in Vine Terroir Soil
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mortality Factor | Vine Terroir | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Koutsoura | Petsakoi | |||||||||||
Insect baits | ||||||||||||
P.t | R.d | T.c | C.f | S.z | S.o | P.t | R.d | T.c | C.f | S.z | S.o | |
Entomopathogenic fungi | ||||||||||||
B. bassiana | 83 ± 2 a | 80 ± 3 a | 86 ± 3 a | 82 ± 2 a | 53 ± 3 d | 53 ± 7 d | 34 ± 5 e | 32 ± 2 e | 28 ± 4 e | 0 | 0 | 0 |
M. anisopliae | 0 | 10 ± 2 g | 0 | 18 ± 4 f | 45 ± 2 d | 36 ± 2 e | 62 ± 1 c | 56 ± 3 d | 65 ± 4 c | 72 ± 2 b | 78 ± 2 a | 72 ± 3 b |
Fungi of unproved entomopathogenic abilities | ||||||||||||
A. insuetus. | 3 ± 3 g | 2 ± 2 g | 4 ± 1 g | 0 | 0 | 1 ± 3 g | 0 | 4 ± 2 g | 0 | 3 ± 5 g | 6 ± 1 g | 5 ± 1 g |
C. acropullum. | 3 ± 3 g | 0 | 2 ± 1g | 0 | 2 ± 4 g | 2 ± 3 g | 0 | 0 | 2 ± 3 g | 4 ± 2 g | 2 ± 3g | 5 ± 4 g |
T. gamsii | 4 ± 2 g | 2 ± 2 g | 3 ± 3 g | 0 | 0 | 3 ± 3 g | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ± 2 g | 0 | 5 ± 4 g |
P. lilacinum. | 6 ± 1 g | 5 ± 3 g | 2 ± 2 g | 0 | 0 | 4 ± 3 g | 0 | 0 | 2 ± 2 g | 0 | 2 ± 1 g | 6 ± 2 g |
C. globosum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ± 4 g | 6 ± 3 g | 3 ± 5 g | 4 ± 6 g | 2 ± 3 g | 3 ± 2 g |
C. truncatulum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ± 2 g | 2 ± 1 g | 0 | 2 ± 4 g | 2 ± 1 g | 3 ± 3 g |
Aspergillus sp. | 1 ± 3 g | 1 ± 1 g | 1 ± 3 g | 0 | 0 | 1 ± 1 g | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other causes | ||||||||||||
Unspecified causes | 0 | 0 | 4 ± 3 g | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 ± 4 g | 8 ± 2 g | 1 ± 4 g |
Dependent Variable: Mortality | |||
---|---|---|---|
Source | df | F | p-Value |
Bait Species | 5 | 21,758 | 0.000 |
Terroir | 1 | 3693 | 0.001 |
Time of experiment | 6 | 11,349 | 0.000 |
Bait * Terroir | 5 | 2754 | 0.001 |
Bait * Time of experiment | 30 | 4749 | 0.000 |
Terroir * Time of experiment | 6 | 1976 | 0.044 |
Bait * Terroir * Time of experiment | 30 | 1668 | 0.010 |
Error | 190 | ||
Total | 289 | ||
Corrected Total | 288 |
Fungal Species | Vine Terroir | |
---|---|---|
Koutsoura | Petsakoi | |
B. bassiana | 7.7 ± 2.1 a | 5.8 ± 1.2 a |
M. anisopliae | 3.2 ± 2 a | 7.8 ± 1.6 a |
A. insuetus | 1.4 ± 0.8 b | 1 ± 1 b |
C. acropullum | 0.5 ± 0.2 b | 0.7 ± 0.2 b |
T. gamsii | 0.5 ± 0.4 b | 0.6 ± 0.2 b |
P. lilacinum | 1.2 ± 0.8 b | 1.1 ± 0.2 b |
C. globosum | Not present | 0.7 ± 0.3 b |
C. truncatulum | Not present | 0.7 ± 0.3 b |
Aspergillus sp. | 0.2 ± 0.4 b | Not present |
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Mantzoukas, S.; Lagogiannis, I.; Ntoukas, A.; Eliopoulos, P.A.; Kouretas, D.; Karpouzas, D.G.; Poulas, K. Trapping Entomopathogenic Fungi from Vine Terroir Soil Samples with Insect Baits for Controlling Serious Pests. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 3539. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103539
Mantzoukas S, Lagogiannis I, Ntoukas A, Eliopoulos PA, Kouretas D, Karpouzas DG, Poulas K. Trapping Entomopathogenic Fungi from Vine Terroir Soil Samples with Insect Baits for Controlling Serious Pests. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(10):3539. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103539
Chicago/Turabian StyleMantzoukas, Spiridon, Ioannis Lagogiannis, Aristeidis Ntoukas, Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos, Demetrios Kouretas, Dimitrios G. Karpouzas, and Konstantinos Poulas. 2020. "Trapping Entomopathogenic Fungi from Vine Terroir Soil Samples with Insect Baits for Controlling Serious Pests" Applied Sciences 10, no. 10: 3539. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103539