Cryptosporidium spp. Infection and Genotype Identification in Pre-Weaned and Post-Weaned Calves in Yunnan Province, China
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Specimen Collection
2.2. DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification
2.3. Sequence Analysis and Phylogenetic Tree
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp.
3.2. Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp.
3.3. Subtyping of Cryptosporidium spp.
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Category | Sample Size | No. Positive | Prevalence (%) (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | Kunming | 53 | 24 | 45.3 (31.43–59.13) | 5.68 (2.60–12.37) | <0.01 |
Dali | 312 | 120 | 38.5 (33.00–43.90) | 4.29 (2.34–7.85) | ||
Chuxiong | 23 | 6 | 26.1 (6.67–45.50) | 2.42 (0.82–7.17) | ||
Qujing | 110 | 14 | 12.7 (6.40–19.05) | Reference | ||
Sex | Female | 392 | 127 | 32.4 (27.74–37.05) | Reference | 0.63 |
Male | 106 | 37 | 34.9 (25.68–44.13) | 1.12 (0.71–1.76) | ||
Age | Pre-weaned (0–60 days) | 316 | 106 | 33.5 (28.31–38.78) | 1.08 (0.73–1.59) | 0.70 |
Post-weaned (61–180 days) | 182 | 58 | 31.9 (25.03–38.70) | Reference | ||
Total | 498 | 164 | 32.9 (28.79–37.07) |
Factor | Category | Cryptosporidium Species | Cryptosporidium Subtypes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. bovis | C. parvum | C. ryanae | |||
Region | Dali | C. bovis (98), C. ryanae (17), C. parvum (3), C. andersoni (2) | XXVIb (22), XXVIe (17), XXVIf (7), XXVId (3), XXVIc (2) , XXVIa (1) | – | XXIf (2), XXId (1), XXIe (1), XXIg (1) |
Kunming | C. parvum (17), C. bovis (7) | XXVIb (4), XXVIa (1) | IIdA19G1(7), IIdA18G1 (3) | – | |
Qujing | C. bovis (8), C. parvum (3), C. ryanae (3) | XXVIa (1) | IIdA18G1 (2) | – | |
Chuxiong | C. bovis (6) | XXVIb (18),XXVIc (1), XXVIe (1) | – | ||
Sex | Female | C. bovis (84), C. parvum (23), C. ryanae (18), C. andersoni (2) | XXVIe (15), XXVIa (3), XXVIc (3), XXVId (2), XXVIf (1) | IIdA19G1 (7), IIdA18G1 (5) | XXIf (2), XXIe (1), XXIg (1) |
Male | C. bovis (35), C. ryanae (2) | XXVIb(8), XXVIf (6), XXVIe (3), XXVId (1) | – | XXId (1) | |
Age | Pre-weaned (0–60 days) | C. bovis (78), C. parvum (22), C. ryanae (5), C. andersoni (1) | XXVIb (20), XXVIe (14), XXVIf (4), XXVIa (3), XXVIc (1), XXVId (1) | IIdA19G1 (7), IIdA18G1 (5) | XXId (1), XXIf (1) |
Post-weaned (61–180 days) | C. bovis (41), C. ryanae (15), C. andersoni (1), C. parvum (1) | XXVIb (6), XXVIe (4), XXVIf (3), XXVIc (2), XXVId (2) | – | XXIe (1), XXIf (1), XXIg (1) | |
Total | C. bovis (119), C. parvum (23), C. ryanae (20), C. andersoni (2) | XXVIb (26), XXVIe (18), XXVIf (7), XXVIa (3), XXVIc (3), XXVId (3) | IIdA19G1 (7), IIdA18G1 (5) | XXIf(2), XXId (1), XXIe (1), XXIg (1) |
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Deng, M.-L.; Heng, Z.-J.; Li, L.-J.; Yang, J.-F.; He, J.-J.; Zou, F.-C.; Shu, F.-F. Cryptosporidium spp. Infection and Genotype Identification in Pre-Weaned and Post-Weaned Calves in Yunnan Province, China. Animals 2024, 14, 1907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14131907
Deng M-L, Heng Z-J, Li L-J, Yang J-F, He J-J, Zou F-C, Shu F-F. Cryptosporidium spp. Infection and Genotype Identification in Pre-Weaned and Post-Weaned Calves in Yunnan Province, China. Animals. 2024; 14(13):1907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14131907
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeng, Meng-Ling, Zhao-Jun Heng, Liu-Jia Li, Jian-Fa Yang, Jun-Jun He, Feng-Cai Zou, and Fan-Fan Shu. 2024. "Cryptosporidium spp. Infection and Genotype Identification in Pre-Weaned and Post-Weaned Calves in Yunnan Province, China" Animals 14, no. 13: 1907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14131907
APA StyleDeng, M.-L., Heng, Z.-J., Li, L.-J., Yang, J.-F., He, J.-J., Zou, F.-C., & Shu, F.-F. (2024). Cryptosporidium spp. Infection and Genotype Identification in Pre-Weaned and Post-Weaned Calves in Yunnan Province, China. Animals, 14(13), 1907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14131907