Dynamics of Different Buffer Systems in Slurries Based on Time and Temperature of Storage and Their Visualization by a New Mathematical Tool
1
Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
2
Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
3
SF-Soepenberg GmbH, 46569 Hünxe, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Animals 2020, 10(4), 724; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040724
Received: 27 March 2020
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Revised: 16 April 2020
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Accepted: 17 April 2020
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Published: 21 April 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Waste and Wastewater Management)
Simple Summary
Efficient slurry management is a key strategy to reduce the release of environmentally harmful gases produced by farm animals. Slurry treatments such as acidification and alkalization have proven to be promising solutions to reduce these emissions. In this context, it is crucial to understand how buffer capacities behave and may influence each other during storage under the influence of different temperatures. To realize this, we have developed and successfully verified a new mathematical tool. It allows an exact calculation and detailed visualization of the most important buffer systems found in the analyzed slurries. This knowledge can be used to optimize slurry treatments, as it allows faster, more precise and efficient timing of pH adjustment, thus, reducing the use of resources.
Slurry treatments such as acidification and alkalization have proven to be promising solutions to reduce gaseous emission produced by farm animals. The optimization of these technologies requires detailed knowledge of how and to what extent the buffer capacities in slurries will change during storage under the influence of different temperatures, as this may save resources needed to adjust a targeted pH value. Fresh slurries from dairy cows, fattening pigs and sows were collected and stored for 12 weeks under either cold (4.7 ± 1.1 °C) or warm (23.6 ± 2.1 °C) conditions to perform titrations in acidic and alkaline milieu at regular intervals. Based on these results, we successfully verified a new mathematical tool that we have developed to be able to calculate and visualize the most important buffer systems found in the analyzed slurries. Our experimental results showed a strong correlation between the degradation of the volatile fatty acid (VFA) buffer and the emergence of the carbonate buffers, i.e., the HCO3− and the CO32− buffer. Furthermore, a drop in the pH value caused by enhanced microbial production of VFAs can be mitigated by the presence of the NH3 buffer. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the buffers cannot be considered individually but must be interpreted as a complex and interacting system.
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Keywords:
titration; acidification; alkalization; buffer capacity; buffer curve; amount of acid; volume of alkaline; animal manure; slurry; waste management
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MDPI and ACS Style
Overmeyer, V.; Holtkamp, F.; Clemens, J.; Büscher, W.; Trimborn, M. Dynamics of Different Buffer Systems in Slurries Based on Time and Temperature of Storage and Their Visualization by a New Mathematical Tool. Animals 2020, 10, 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040724
AMA Style
Overmeyer V, Holtkamp F, Clemens J, Büscher W, Trimborn M. Dynamics of Different Buffer Systems in Slurries Based on Time and Temperature of Storage and Their Visualization by a New Mathematical Tool. Animals. 2020; 10(4):724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040724
Chicago/Turabian StyleOvermeyer, Veronika, Felix Holtkamp, Joachim Clemens, Wolfgang Büscher, and Manfred Trimborn. 2020. "Dynamics of Different Buffer Systems in Slurries Based on Time and Temperature of Storage and Their Visualization by a New Mathematical Tool" Animals 10, no. 4: 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040724
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