Re-Emergence of Salmonellosis in Hog Farms: Outbreak and Bacteriological Characterization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Field Information
2.2. Salmonella Characterization
2.2.1. Serotyping
2.2.2. Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Profile
2.2.3. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)
2.2.4. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)
2.2.5. WGS Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Serotyping
3.2. Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Profile
3.3. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)
3.4. Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Farming Phase | N | Clinical-Pathological Classification | N | Serovars | N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Suckling | 8 | Enteric | 4 | Newport | 1 |
Rissen | 1 | ||||
* Monophasic Typhimurium | 2 | ||||
Hepato-biliary invasive | 1 | Choleraesuis | 1 | ||
Nodal | 1 | * Monophasic Typhimurium | 1 | ||
Septicemic | 2 | Choleraesuis | 2 | ||
Nursery | 53 | Enteric | 20 | Typhimurium | 4 |
* Monophasic Typhimurium | 16 | ||||
Hepato-biliary invasive | 4 | Choleraesuis | 2 | ||
* Monophasic Typhimurium | 2 | ||||
Nodal | 3 | Choleraesuis | 2 | ||
Panama | 1 | ||||
Septicemic | 26 | Anatum | 1 | ||
Choleraesuis | 19 | ||||
Typhimurium | 1 | ||||
* Monophasic Typhimurium | 5 | ||||
Growing/Finishing | 53 | Enteric | 22 | Infantis | 1 |
Rissen | 1 | ||||
Typhimurium | 5 | ||||
* Monophasic Typhimurium | 15 | ||||
Hepato-biliary invasive | 11 | Choleraesuis | 2 | ||
London | 1 | ||||
Oslo | 1 | ||||
Typhimurium | 1 | ||||
* Monophasic Typhimurium | 6 | ||||
Nodal | 8 | Choleraesuis | 2 | ||
Derby | 1 | ||||
London | 1 | ||||
Typhimurium | 2 | ||||
* Monophasic Typhimurium | 2 | ||||
Septicemic | 12 | Choleraesuis | 7 | ||
Grupo D | 1 | ||||
* Monophasic Typhimurium | 4 | ||||
No information | 16 | Enteric | 4 | Grupo E4 (O:19:-) | 1 |
Panama | 1 | ||||
Typhimurium | 1 | ||||
* Monophasic Typhimurium | 1 | ||||
Hepato-biliary invasive | 1 | Rissen | 1 | ||
Nodal | 1 | Choleraesuis | 1 | ||
Septicemic | 8 | Choleraesuis | 8 | ||
NI | 2 | Bovismorbificans | 1 | ||
* Monophasic Typhimurium | 1 |
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Meneguzzi, M.; Pissetti, C.; Rebelatto, R.; Trachsel, J.; Kuchiishi, S.S.; Reis, A.T.; Guedes, R.M.C.; Leão, J.A.; Reichen, C.; Kich, J.D. Re-Emergence of Salmonellosis in Hog Farms: Outbreak and Bacteriological Characterization. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 947. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050947
Meneguzzi M, Pissetti C, Rebelatto R, Trachsel J, Kuchiishi SS, Reis AT, Guedes RMC, Leão JA, Reichen C, Kich JD. Re-Emergence of Salmonellosis in Hog Farms: Outbreak and Bacteriological Characterization. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(5):947. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050947
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeneguzzi, Mariana, Caroline Pissetti, Raquel Rebelatto, Julian Trachsel, Suzana Satomi Kuchiishi, Adrienny Trindade Reis, Roberto Maurício Carvalho Guedes, Joice Aparecida Leão, Caroline Reichen, and Jalusa Deon Kich. 2021. "Re-Emergence of Salmonellosis in Hog Farms: Outbreak and Bacteriological Characterization" Microorganisms 9, no. 5: 947. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050947