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Volume 14
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10.3390/microorganisms14102247
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Article

Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Characteristics of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Suckling and Weaned Piglet Housing Areas in Korea

by
Oyoung Kwon
1,
Da-Hye Ryu
1,
Hyun-Jung Ahn
1,
Su-Jin Choe
1,
Min-Gyu Kim
1,
You-Kyung Go
1,
Su-Bin Kim
1,
Soochong Kim
1,
Seung-Hun Lee
1,
Kyung-Hyo Do
1,2,* and
Kwang-Won Seo
1,*
1
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Companion Animal Health, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2026, 14(10), 2247; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102247
Submission received: 11 August 2026 / Revised: 24 September 2026 / Accepted: 1 October 2026 / Published: 3 October 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Populations)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In swine production systems, antimicrobial exposure and management conditions vary across production stages, particularly during the transition from suckling to weaning, which may influence the selection and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. We compared the antimicrobial resistance patterns of 70 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from suckling and weaned piglet housing areas (35 isolates each) on 35 farms in Korea and further characterized the genetic features of the 40 ciprofloxacin (CIP)-resistant isolates. Isolates showed high rates of resistance to several antimicrobials, including streptomycin (88.6%) and ampicillin (85.7%). In an exploratory comparison, CIP resistance was higher in isolates from weaned piglet housing areas (71.4%) than in those from suckling piglet housing areas (42.9%; unadjusted two-sided exact p = 0.04139, McNemar’s test). Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) were detected in 27 of the 40 CIP-resistant isolates (67.5%), predominantly gyrA S83L/D87N and parC S80I substitutions. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants were detected in nine isolates; qnrD was the most common gene (6/9, 66.7%). Multilocus sequence typing analysis of the nine PMQR-positive isolates identified multiple sequence types; ST5229 was the most common sequence type (5/9, 55.6%) and was detected in both housing-area groups. The higher CIP resistance observed in isolates from weaned piglet housing areas indicates a production-stage-associated difference in FQ resistance during early pig production.
Keywords: Escherichia coli; fluoroquinolone resistance; swine production stage; quinolone resistance-determining region; plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance Escherichia coli; fluoroquinolone resistance; swine production stage; quinolone resistance-determining region; plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kwon, O.; Ryu, D.-H.; Ahn, H.-J.; Choe, S.-J.; Kim, M.-G.; Go, Y.-K.; Kim, S.-B.; Kim, S.; Lee, S.-H.; Do, K.-H.; et al. Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Characteristics of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Suckling and Weaned Piglet Housing Areas in Korea. Microorganisms 2026, 14, 2247. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102247

AMA Style

Kwon O, Ryu D-H, Ahn H-J, Choe S-J, Kim M-G, Go Y-K, Kim S-B, Kim S, Lee S-H, Do K-H, et al. Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Characteristics of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Suckling and Weaned Piglet Housing Areas in Korea. Microorganisms. 2026; 14(10):2247. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102247

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kwon, Oyoung, Da-Hye Ryu, Hyun-Jung Ahn, Su-Jin Choe, Min-Gyu Kim, You-Kyung Go, Su-Bin Kim, Soochong Kim, Seung-Hun Lee, Kyung-Hyo Do, and et al. 2026. "Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Characteristics of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Suckling and Weaned Piglet Housing Areas in Korea" Microorganisms 14, no. 10: 2247. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102247

APA Style

Kwon, O., Ryu, D.-H., Ahn, H.-J., Choe, S.-J., Kim, M.-G., Go, Y.-K., Kim, S.-B., Kim, S., Lee, S.-H., Do, K.-H., & Seo, K.-W. (2026). Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Characteristics of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Suckling and Weaned Piglet Housing Areas in Korea. Microorganisms, 14(10), 2247. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102247

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