Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella: A Literature Review on Prosthetic Joint Infection and a Case Report on A. defectiva PJI and Concurrent Native Valve Endocarditis
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Case Description
3. Literature Review Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NVS | Nutritionally variant streptococci |
PJI | Prosthetic joint infection |
Appendix A
Reference | Age | Sex | Comorbidity | Possible Risk Factor | Symptoms | Infected Joint | Bacteria | Endocarditis | Identification | Antibiogram | Pen-S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seguiti C et al. (our case, 2025); case report and literature review | 68 | M | diabetes; Barlow syndrome | urinary infection | fever; swelling | Prosthetic Knee | Abiotrophia defectiva | Yes (NVE mitral valve) | MALDI-TOF | No | NA |
Ince A et al. (2002); case report [16] | 65 | F | alcoholism; diabetes; nephrectomy | NA | joint pain; swelling | Prosthetic Knee | Abiotrophia defectiva | No | 16S rRNA | No | NA |
Cassir N et al. (2011); case report [17] | 71 | M | NA | dental procedure | swelling | Prosthetic Knee | Abiotrophia defectiva | No | 16S rRNA | Yes | Yes |
Rozemejer W et al. (2011); case report [18] | 71 | F | polymialgia rheumatica | NA | joint pain | Prosthetic Hip | Abiotrophia defectiva | No | 16S rRNA | Yes | Yes |
Mougari F et al. (2013); case report [19] | 55 | M | NA | dental procedure | joint pain; swelling | Prosthetic Knee | Granulicatella adiacens | No | 16S rRNA | Yes | Yes |
Renz N et al. (2016); case report [5] | 69 | M | NA | dental procedure | fever; joint pain | Prosthetic Hip | Granulicatella para-adiacens | Yes (NVE mitral valve) | Culture + 16S rRNA | Yes | Intermediate |
Aweid O et al. (2016); case report [20] | 81 | M | NA | dental procedure | fever; swelling | Prosthetic Hip | Granulicatella adiacens | No | MALDI-TOF | Yes | Yes |
Pingili C et al. (2017); case report [21] | 64 | M | NA | dental procedure | swelling | Prosthetic Knee | Granulicatella adiacens | No | 16S rRNA | No | NA |
Quénard F et al. (2017); case series (3 cases) [22] | 75 | M | hypertension; ankylosing spondylitis | dental procedure | fistula | Prosthetic Hip | Granulicatella adiacens | No | 16S rRNA | No | NA |
65 | M | alcoholism; psoriasis | NA | joint pain | Prosthetic Knee | Granulicatella adiacens | No | MALDI-TOF | No | NA | |
44 | F | congenital hip dysplasia | surgical resection of cystic lesion | joint pain; fistula | Prosthetic Hip | Granulicatella adiacens | No | MALDI-TOF + 16S rRNA | No | NA | |
Mavrommati A B et al. (2017); case report [23] | 76 | F | NA | NA | joint pain | Prosthetic Knee | Granulicatella adiacens | No | Vitek 2 | Yes | NA |
Tooley T R et al. (2019); case report [24] | 74 | M | cardiopathy; dysphagia; past PJI | NA | joint pain | Prosthetic Knee | Abiotrophia defectiva | No | MALDI-TOF | No | NA |
Wan J et al. (2020); case report [25] | 65 | M | diabetes; hypertension; CKD | NA | joint pain; swelling | Prosthetic Knee | Abiotrophia defectiva | No | Culture | No | NA |
Van Someren M W M et al. (2020); case report [26] | 61 | M | NA | NA | joint pain | Prosthetic Hip | Abiotrophia defectiva | No | Culture | Yes | No |
Kocazeybek E et al. (2020); case report and literature review [27] | 69 | F | NA | dental procedure | joint pain; swelling | Prosthetic Knee | Abiotrophia defectiva | No | MALDI-TOF | Yes | Yes |
Badrick T C et al. (2021); case report and literature review [28] | 79 | M | coronaropathy | dental procedure | joint pain | Prosthetic Hip | Granulicatella adiacens | No | 16S rRNA | No | NA |
Narayana Murthy S et al. (2021); case report [29] | 65 | M | NA | acupuncture | joint pain; swelling | Prosthetic Knee | Granulicatella adiacens | No | Culture | No | NA |
Young J N et al. (2022); case report [30] | 71 | M | Charcot–Marie–Tooth | left foot cellulitis; dental procedure | swelling | Prosthetic Knee | Abiotrophia defectiva | No | 16S rRNA | No | NA |
Quirino A et al. (2022); case report and literature review [31] | 69 | F | NA | previous Staphylococcus warneri PJI | joint pain; swelling | Prosthetic Knee | Abiotrophia defectiva | No | MALDI-TOF; Vitek 2; 16S rRNA | Yes | Yes |
Nooh A et al. (2025); case report [32] | 66 | F | hypertension; hypotiroidism; osteoporosis | urinary infection | joint pain; swelling | Prosthetic Knee | Abiotrophia defectiva | No | Culture | No | NA |
Lovering E et al. (2025); case report [33] | 66 | F | prosthetic aortic valve | past Granulicatella adiacens bacteremia | swelling | Prosthetic Knee | Granulicatella adiacens | No | Vitek 2 | Yes | Intermediate |
Reference | Surgical Option | Treatment Duration (Week) | Antibiotics | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|
Seguiti C et al. (our case, 2025); case report and literature review | two stage | 10 | vancomycin | Cured |
Ince A et al. (2002); case report [16] | DAIR | 5 | cefazolin (10 d) + ciprofloxacin | Relapse (two stage) |
Cassir N et al. (2011); case report [17] | two stage | 39 | amoxicillin | Cured |
Rozemejer W et al. (2011); case report [18] | two stage | 6 | penicillin | Cured |
Mougari F et al. (2013); case report [19] | two stage | 15 | amoxicillin + rifampin | Cured |
Renz N et al. (2016); case report [5] | DAIR | 13 | penicillin + gentamycin (4 w) then levofloxacin + rifampin | Cured |
Aweid O et al. (2016); case report [20] | DAIR | 6 | piperacillin/tazobactam + vancomycin + fucidic acid (4 w) then meropenem + daptomycin | Died from pneumonia |
Pingili C et al. (2017); case report [21] | two stage | 6 | ertapenem | Cured |
Quénard F et al. (2017); case series (3 cases) [22] | two stage | 26 | amoxicillin + clindamycin | Cured |
one stage | 26 | clindamycin + rifampin | Cured | |
DAIR | 26 | imipenem/cilastatin + ciprofloxacin (4 w) then amoxicillin/clavulanate + ciprofloxacin | Cured | |
Mavrommati A B et al. (2017); case report [23] | two stage | NA | ciprofloxacin + rifampin | Cured |
Tooley T R et al. (2019); case report [24] | two stage | 20 | ceftriaxone (6 w) then cephalexin | Cured |
Wan J et al. (2020); case report [25] | two stage | 8 | vancomycin (2 w) then amoxicillin + rifampin | Cured |
Van Someren M W M et al. (2020); case report [26] | two stage | 17 | ciprofloxacin (6 w) + clindamycin (17 w) | Cured |
Kocazeybek E et al. (2020); case report and literature review [27] | two stage | 4 | penicillin + gentamycin | Cured |
Badrick T C et al. (2021); case report and literature review [28] | two stage | 6 | benzylpenicillin | Cured |
Narayana Murthy S et al. (2021); case report [29] | DAIR | NA | vancomycin (duration not specified) then clindamycin (6 w) | Cured |
Young J N et al. (2022); case report [30] | two stage | 6 | ceftriaxone | Reinfection (Enterobacter cloacae) |
Quirino A et al. (2022); case report and literature review [31] | retention | 9 | ampicillin + ceftriaxone (3 w) then amoxicillin + doxycyclin | Cured |
Nooh A et al. (2025); case report [32] | two stage | 12 | ceftriaxone + teicoplanin (6 w) then oral therapy (not specified) | Cured |
Lovering E et al. (2025); case report [33] | two stage | NA | vancomycin (total duration not specified) | Cured |
Outcome: | Not Cured (N = 3) | Cured (N = 19) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
Mean (SD) | 72.3 (8.08) | 66.9 (7.87) | 0.361 |
Sex | |||
F | 1 (33.3%) | 7 (36.8%) | 1 |
M | 2 (66.7%) | 12 (63.2%) | |
Diabetes_yes_no | |||
No | 1 (50.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | 1 |
Yes | 1 (50.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | |
Dental procedure | |||
No | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (46.0%) | 0.64 |
Yes | 2 (100.0%) | 7 (53.0%) | |
Infected joint | |||
Prosthetic Hip | 1 (33.3%) | 6 (31.5%) | 1 |
Prosthetic Knee | 2 (66.7%) | 13 (68.5%) | |
Bacteria | |||
Abiotrophia defectiva | 2 (66.7%) | 9 (47.4%) | 0.793 |
Granulicatella adiacens | 1 (33.3%) | 9 (47.4%) | |
Granulicatella para-adiacens | 0 (0%) | 1 (5.2%) | |
Endocarditis | |||
No | 3 (100%) | 17 (89.5%) | 1 |
Yes (NVE mitral valve) | 0 (0%) | 2 (10.5%) | |
Antibiogram | |||
No | 2 (66.7%) | 10 (52.6%) | 1 |
Yes | 1 (33.3%) | 9 (47.4%) | |
Penicillin S | |||
Intermediate | 0 (0%) | 2 (25.0%) | 0.755 |
No | 0 (0%) | 1 (12.5%) | |
Yes | 1 (33.3%) | 5 (62.5%) | |
Surgical option | |||
DAIR | 2 (66.7%) | 3 (15.7%) | 0.274 |
One stage | 0 (0%) | 1 (5.3%) | |
Retention | 0 (0%) | 1 (5.3%) | |
Two stage | 1 (33.3%) | 14 (73.7%) | |
Treatment duration, weeks | |||
Mean (SD) | 5.67 (0.577) | 15.2 (9.85) | 0.048 |
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Seguiti, C.; Piacentini, E.; Fraghì, A.; Zappa, M.; Croce, E.; Meloni, A.; Cirillo, M.; Ferrari, C.; Zani, C.; Belli, D.; et al. Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella: A Literature Review on Prosthetic Joint Infection and a Case Report on A. defectiva PJI and Concurrent Native Valve Endocarditis. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051113
Seguiti C, Piacentini E, Fraghì A, Zappa M, Croce E, Meloni A, Cirillo M, Ferrari C, Zani C, Belli D, et al. Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella: A Literature Review on Prosthetic Joint Infection and a Case Report on A. defectiva PJI and Concurrent Native Valve Endocarditis. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(5):1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051113
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeguiti, Cristina, Edda Piacentini, Angelica Fraghì, Mattia Zappa, Elia Croce, Angelo Meloni, Marco Cirillo, Clarissa Ferrari, Chiara Zani, David Belli, and et al. 2025. "Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella: A Literature Review on Prosthetic Joint Infection and a Case Report on A. defectiva PJI and Concurrent Native Valve Endocarditis" Microorganisms 13, no. 5: 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051113
APA StyleSeguiti, C., Piacentini, E., Fraghì, A., Zappa, M., Croce, E., Meloni, A., Cirillo, M., Ferrari, C., Zani, C., Belli, D., Sabatini, T., & Colombini, P. (2025). Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella: A Literature Review on Prosthetic Joint Infection and a Case Report on A. defectiva PJI and Concurrent Native Valve Endocarditis. Microorganisms, 13(5), 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051113