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Volume 13
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10.3390/microorganisms13040867
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Article

Periodontal Health in Individuals Living with HIV: An Exploratory and Descriptive Molecular Approach of Microbial Interspecific and Intraspecific Diversity in Brazilian Patients

by
Patricia N. Olivares Ponce
1,2,
Lana Bitencourt Chaves
1,
Daiana de Souza Perce-da-Silva
3,4,
Ana Luiza Carneiro-Alencar
1,
Cinthia Magalhães Rodolphi
1,
Isabela Ferreira Soares
1,
Rodrigo Nunes Rodrigues-da-Silva
5,
Ana Caroline Alves-da-Silva
2,
Fabio Vidal Marques
2,6,
Rafael Vidal Peres
2,
Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
2,
Rodrigo Carvalho de Souza
2,
Cristiane Gonçalves
2,
Lucio Souza Gonçalves
2,* and
Josué da Costa Lima-Junior
1,2,*
1
Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
2
Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University-IDOMED, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, RJ, Brazil
3
Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
4
Basic and Applied Immunology Laboratory, Petrópolis Medical School, Arthur Sá Earp Neto University Center, Petrópolis 25680-120, RJ, Brazil
5
Laboratory of Hantaviroses and Rickettsioses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
6
Faculty of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(4), 867; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040867
Submission received: 12 March 2025 / Revised: 2 April 2025 / Accepted: 3 April 2025 / Published: 10 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexually Transmitted Infections and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Co-Infections, Co-Morbidities, Preclinical Development and Treatment)
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Abstract

Oral manifestations of HIV infection can be an early sign of the disease and may indicate progression to AIDS. Although antiretroviral therapies, especially highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), have reduced the prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions, ongoing updates in diagnosis and treatment are essential due to the extended life expectancy of individuals living with HIV. Periodontal disease is a significant concern in these patients, influenced by altered immune responses and microbial dynamics, though the mechanisms are not fully understood. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the oral microbiota and periodontal disease prevalence in HIV-positive individuals by analyzing subgingival plaque samples from 24 patients. We identified 12 bacterial species using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and amplicon sequencing. Seven species were detected, with Filifactor alocis, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas endodontalis being the most common. Porphyromonas gingivalis was present in only 13.6% of samples, while T. forsythia was found in 58.3%. Genetic diversity was also observed in P. endodontalis and Selenomonas sputigena amplicons, with specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in both species. These results highlight the complex microbial interactions in the oral environments of people living with HIV, emphasizing the need for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing oral health in this population.
Keywords: HIV; oral health; bacterial diversity; molecular identification; genetic diversity HIV; oral health; bacterial diversity; molecular identification; genetic diversity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ponce, P.N.O.; Chaves, L.B.; Perce-da-Silva, D.d.S.; Carneiro-Alencar, A.L.; Rodolphi, C.M.; Soares, I.F.; Rodrigues-da-Silva, R.N.; Alves-da-Silva, A.C.; Marques, F.V.; Peres, R.V.; et al. Periodontal Health in Individuals Living with HIV: An Exploratory and Descriptive Molecular Approach of Microbial Interspecific and Intraspecific Diversity in Brazilian Patients. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040867

AMA Style

Ponce PNO, Chaves LB, Perce-da-Silva DdS, Carneiro-Alencar AL, Rodolphi CM, Soares IF, Rodrigues-da-Silva RN, Alves-da-Silva AC, Marques FV, Peres RV, et al. Periodontal Health in Individuals Living with HIV: An Exploratory and Descriptive Molecular Approach of Microbial Interspecific and Intraspecific Diversity in Brazilian Patients. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(4):867. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040867

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ponce, Patricia N. Olivares, Lana Bitencourt Chaves, Daiana de Souza Perce-da-Silva, Ana Luiza Carneiro-Alencar, Cinthia Magalhães Rodolphi, Isabela Ferreira Soares, Rodrigo Nunes Rodrigues-da-Silva, Ana Caroline Alves-da-Silva, Fabio Vidal Marques, Rafael Vidal Peres, and et al. 2025. "Periodontal Health in Individuals Living with HIV: An Exploratory and Descriptive Molecular Approach of Microbial Interspecific and Intraspecific Diversity in Brazilian Patients" Microorganisms 13, no. 4: 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040867

APA Style

Ponce, P. N. O., Chaves, L. B., Perce-da-Silva, D. d. S., Carneiro-Alencar, A. L., Rodolphi, C. M., Soares, I. F., Rodrigues-da-Silva, R. N., Alves-da-Silva, A. C., Marques, F. V., Peres, R. V., Ferreira, D. d. C., de Souza, R. C., Gonçalves, C., Gonçalves, L. S., & Lima-Junior, J. d. C. (2025). Periodontal Health in Individuals Living with HIV: An Exploratory and Descriptive Molecular Approach of Microbial Interspecific and Intraspecific Diversity in Brazilian Patients. Microorganisms, 13(4), 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040867

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