Immunogenicity of the Conjugate Meningococcal ACWY-TT Vaccine in Children and Adolescents Living with HIV
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patients
2.2. Data and Laboratory Testing
2.3. Ethics
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Men C Response
3.2. Men W Response
3.3. Men Y Response
3.4. Predictors of Response to Each Serogroup
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total CALHIV N = 29 | N (%) |
---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |
Sex at birth | |
Female | 17 (58.6%) |
Male | 12 (41.4%) |
Age | |
Median (IQR) | 16.6 years (11.4–21.6) |
<12 years old | 9 (31%) |
12–18 years old | 11 (38%) |
>18 years old | 9 (31%) |
Place of birth | |
Spain | 20 (68.9%) |
Latin America | 5 (17.2%) |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 3 (10.3%) |
India | 1 (3.4%) |
HIV-related characteristics | |
Route of HIV transmission | |
Vertical | 22 (75.9%) |
Sexual | 2 (6.9%) |
Unknown | 5 (17.2%) |
CDC classification | |
A | 13 (44.8%) |
B | 10 (34.5%) |
C | 6 (20.7%) |
Antiretroviral treatment | |
3-drug TAR | 29 (100%) |
InINT in TAR | 26 (89.7%) |
Immuno-virological status | |
CD4+ cell count | |
Nadir, median (IQR) | 446 cells/mL (333–644) |
CD4+ at inclusion, median (IQR) | 902 cells/mL (645–1070) |
<500 CD4+/mL at inclusion | 4 (13.8%) |
<250 CD4+/mL at inclusion | 2 (6.9%) |
Viral load | |
Undetectable (<50 copies/mL serum HIV-RNA) | 26 (89.7%) |
C | W | Y | All of them | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Seroprotective rSBA titers | ||||
T0 (N 29) | 7 (24.1%) | 8 (27.6%) | 9 (31%) | 2 (2.9%) |
T1 (N 29) | 28 (96.6%) | 28 (96.6%) | 28 (96.6%) | 28 (96.6%) |
T2 (N 24) | 18 (75%) | 23 (95.8%) | 23 (95.8%) | 18 (75%) |
Vaccine response | ||||
24 (82.8%) | 24 (82.8%) | 24 (82.8%) | 20 (68.9%) |
Men C Vaccine Response | Men W Vaccine Response | Men Y Vaccine Response | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ýes, N 24 | No | Ýes, N 24 | No | Ýes, N 24 | No | |
Viral load | ||||||
Detectable, (N 3) | 1 (3.4%) | 2 (6.9%) | 0 | 3 (10.3%) | 0 | 3 (10.3%) |
Undetectable, (N 26) | 23 (79.3%) | 3 (10.3%) | 24 (79.3%) | 2 (6.9%) | 24 (79.3%) | 2 (6.9%) |
Immunological status | ||||||
<500/mm3 CD4+ (N 4) | 2 (6.9%) | 2 (6.9%) | 3 (10.3%) | 1 (3.4%) | 3 (10.3%) | 1 (3.4%) |
>500/mm3 CD4+ (N 25) | 22 (75.8%) | 3 (10.3%) | 21 (72.4%) | 4 (13.7%) | 21 (72.4%) | 4 (13.7%) |
CDC classification | ||||||
A (N 13) | 9 (31%) | 4 (13.7%) | 11 (37.9%) | 2 (6.9%) | 11 (37.9%) | 2 (6.9%) |
B (N 10) | 9 (31%) | 1 (3.4%) | 7 (24.1%) | 3 (10.3%) | 7 (24.1%) | 3 (10.3%) |
C (N 6) | 6 (20.6%) | 0 | 6 (20.6%) | 0 | 6 (20.6%) | 0 |
Seroprotection to Men C | Seroprotection to Men W | Seroprotection to Men Y | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ýes, N 18 | No | Yes, N 23 | No | Yes, N 23 | No | |
Viral load | ||||||
Detectable (N 3) | 2 (8.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | 2 (8.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | 2 (8.3%) | 1 (4.2%) |
Undetectable (N 21) | 16 (66.6%) | 5 (20.8%) | 21 (87.5%) | 0 | 21 (87.5%) | 0 |
Immunological status | ||||||
<500/mm3 CD4+ (N 4) | 2 (8.3%) | 2 (8.3%) | 3 (12.5%) | 1 (4.2%) | 3 (12.5%) | 1 (4.2%) |
>500/mm3 CD4+ (N 20) | 16 (66.6%) | 4 (10.3%) | 20 (83.3%) | 0 | 20 (83.3%) | 0 |
CDC classification | ||||||
A (N 12) | 10 (41.6%) | 2 (8.3%) | 12 (50%) | 0 | 12 (50%) | 0 |
B (N 8) | 5 (20.8%) | 3 (12.5%) | 7 (29.2%) | 1 (4.2%) | 7 (29.2%) | 1 (4.2%) |
C (N 4) | 3 (12.5%) | 1 (4.2%) | 4 (16.6%) | 0 | 4 (16.6%) | 0 |
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Berzosa, A.; Guillen, S.; Epalza, C.; Escosa, L.; Navarro, M.L.; Prieto, L.M.; Sainz, T.; de Ory, S.J.; Montes, M.; Abad, R.; et al. Immunogenicity of the Conjugate Meningococcal ACWY-TT Vaccine in Children and Adolescents Living with HIV. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010030
Berzosa A, Guillen S, Epalza C, Escosa L, Navarro ML, Prieto LM, Sainz T, de Ory SJ, Montes M, Abad R, et al. Immunogenicity of the Conjugate Meningococcal ACWY-TT Vaccine in Children and Adolescents Living with HIV. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(1):30. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010030
Chicago/Turabian StyleBerzosa, Arantxa, Sara Guillen, Cristina Epalza, Luis Escosa, Maria Luisa Navarro, Luis M. Prieto, Talía Sainz, Santiago Jimenez de Ory, Marina Montes, Raquel Abad, and et al. 2024. "Immunogenicity of the Conjugate Meningococcal ACWY-TT Vaccine in Children and Adolescents Living with HIV" Microorganisms 12, no. 1: 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010030
APA StyleBerzosa, A., Guillen, S., Epalza, C., Escosa, L., Navarro, M. L., Prieto, L. M., Sainz, T., de Ory, S. J., Montes, M., Abad, R., Vázquez, J. A., García, I. S., & Ramos-Amador, J. T. (2024). Immunogenicity of the Conjugate Meningococcal ACWY-TT Vaccine in Children and Adolescents Living with HIV. Microorganisms, 12(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010030