Distribution of Interferon Lambda 4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs11322783 Genotypes in Patients with COVID-19
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Group
2.2. IFNL4 Genotyping
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients
3.2. IFNL4 SNPs in Patients with COVID-19
3.3. Survival Analysis in Patients with COVID-19
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Features | COVID-19 Patients (n = 128) |
---|---|
Age at diagnosis (years) (mean (range)) | 63.9 (25–95) |
Gender (N (percentage)) | |
Male | 79 (61.7) |
Female | 49 (38.3) |
CALL score (N (percentage)) | |
Low severity (4–6) | 29 (22.6) |
Intermediate severity (7–9) | 45 (35.2) |
High severity (10–13) | 54 (42.2) |
Clinical features (N (percentage)) | |
ICU | 24 (18.7) |
Thrombotic events | 15 (11.7) |
Death | 21 (16.4) |
BSI | 13 (10.2) |
Bacterial pulmonary superinfection | 12 (9.4) |
Blood parameters (mean (range)) | |
WBC cell/mm3 | 6293.6 (2110–19150) |
Neutrophils cell/mm3 | 4691.2 (1120–18000) |
Lymphocytes cell/mm3 | 1067.7 (110–4760) |
Monocytes cell/mm3 | 361.7 (150–1040) |
CRP µg/L | 98380 (300–540000) |
D-dimer µg/L | 1690 (176–4610) |
Albumin g/L | 36.9 (19–46) |
LDH U/L | 335 (111–1249) |
Platelets cell/mm3 | 221 × 103 (65–516) |
Features | Ranges * | IFNL4 SNP TT/TT | IFNL4 SNP ΔG/TT | IFNL4 SNP ΔG/ΔG | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARS-CoV-2 patients | 53 (41.4) | 61 (47.7) | 14 (10.9) | ||
WBC cell/mm3 | 4.5–11.0 × 103 | 40 (75.5) | 52 (86.7) | 7 (50.0) | 0.036 |
<4.5 × 103 | 7 (13.2) | 5 (8.3) | 5 (35.7) | ||
>11.0 × 103 | 6 (11.3) | 3 (5.0) | 2 (14.3) | ||
Neutrophils cell/mm3 | 1.5–8.0 × 103 | 43 (81.1) | 52 (86.6) | 8 (57.1) | 0.042 |
<1.5 × 103 | 3 (5.7) | 4 (6.7) | 4 (28.6) | ||
>8.0 × 103 | 7 (13.2) | 4 (6.7) | 2 (14.3) | ||
Lymphocytes cell/mm3 | 1.0–4.0 × 103 | 43 (81.1) | 50 (83.3) | 10 (71.4) | 0.59 |
<1.0 × 103 | 10 (18.9) | 10 (16.7) | 4 (28.6) | ||
>4.0 × 103 | - | - | - | ||
Monocytes cell/mm3 | 0.1–0.7 × 103 | 49 (92.4) | 60 (98.4) | 14 (100) | 0.47 |
<0.1 × 103 | 3 (5.7) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | ||
>0.7 × 103 | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
CRP µg/L | <8.0 × 103 | 8 (15.1) | 6 (9.8) | 3 (21.4) | 0.45 |
>8.0 × 103 | 45 (84.9) | 55 (90.2) | 11 (78.6) | ||
D-dimer µg/L | <500 | 5 (11.4) | 9 (16.4) | 2 (14.3) | 0.78 |
>500 | 39 (88.6) | 46 (83.6) | 12 (85.7) | ||
Albumin g/L | 35–55 | 30 (66.7) | 30 (53.6) | 8 (61.5) | 0.41 |
<35 | 15 (33.3) | 26 (46.4) | 5 (38.5) | ||
>55 | - | - | - | ||
LDH U/L | 80–300 × 103 | 16 (38.8) | 21 (35.0) | 4 (28.6) | 0.47 |
<80 × 103 | 4 (7.7) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||
>300 × 103 | 32 (61.5) | 38 (63.3) | 10 (71.4) | ||
Platelets cell/mm3 | 150–450 × 103 | 44 (83.0) | 45 (76.3) | 12 (85.7) | 0.8 |
<150 × 103 | 7 (13.2) | 12 (20.3) | 2 (14.3) | ||
>450 × 103 | 2 (3.8) | 2 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Call | Low severity (4–6) | 13 (24.6) | 13 (21.3) | 3 (21.4) | 0.94 |
Intermediate severity (7–9) | 20 (37.7) | 20 (32.8) | 5 (35.7) | ||
High severity (10–13) | 20 (37.7) | 28 (45.9) | 6 (42.9) | ||
ICU admission rate | yes | 11 (20.7) | 11 (18.0) | 2 (14.3) | 0.84 |
no | 42 (79.3) | 50 (82.0) | 12 (85.7) | ||
Thrombotic events | Positive | 5 (9.4) | 8 (13.3) | 2 (14.3) | 0.78 |
Negative | 48 (90.6) | 52 (86.7) | 12 (85.7) | ||
Bloodstream infections (BSI) | Positive | 6 (11.8) | 6 (10.7) | 1 (7.7) | 0.91 |
Negative | 45 (88.2) | 50 (89.3) | 13 (92.3) | ||
Bacterial pulmonary superinfections | Positive | 6 (12.2) | 4 (7.3) | 2 (15.4) | 0.57 |
Negative | 43 (87.8) | 51 (92.7) | 11 (84.6) |
Allele Frequencies Comparison | Heterozygous and Homozygous Comparison | Homozygous and Homozygous Comparison | Allele Positivity Comparison | Armitage’s Trend Test | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WBC | Normal levels vs. low levels | allele T | 0.22 | 0.33 | 0.04 | 0.95 | 0.20 |
allele ∆G | 0.22 | 0.003 | 0.04 | 0.005 | 0.20 | ||
Normal levels vs. high levels | allele T | 0.89 | 0.18 | 0.48 | 0.37 | 0.88 | |
allele ∆G | 0.89 | 0.08 | 0.48 | 0.20 | 0.88 | ||
Neutrophils | Normal levels vs. low levels | allele T | 0.04 | 0.90 | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.04 |
allele ∆G | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.003 | 0.04 | ||
Normal levels vs. high levels | allele T | 0.82 | 0.25 | 0.63 | 0.41 | 0.81 | |
allele ∆G | 0.82 | 0.19 | 0.63 | 0.36 | 0.81 |
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Sorrentino, L.; Silvestri, V.; Oliveto, G.; Scordio, M.; Frasca, F.; Fracella, M.; Bitossi, C.; D’Auria, A.; Santinelli, L.; Gabriele, L.; et al. Distribution of Interferon Lambda 4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs11322783 Genotypes in Patients with COVID-19. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 363. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020363
Sorrentino L, Silvestri V, Oliveto G, Scordio M, Frasca F, Fracella M, Bitossi C, D’Auria A, Santinelli L, Gabriele L, et al. Distribution of Interferon Lambda 4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs11322783 Genotypes in Patients with COVID-19. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(2):363. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020363
Chicago/Turabian StyleSorrentino, Leonardo, Valentina Silvestri, Giuseppe Oliveto, Mirko Scordio, Federica Frasca, Matteo Fracella, Camilla Bitossi, Alessandra D’Auria, Letizia Santinelli, Lucia Gabriele, and et al. 2022. "Distribution of Interferon Lambda 4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs11322783 Genotypes in Patients with COVID-19" Microorganisms 10, no. 2: 363. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020363