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Pathogens
Volume 11
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10.3390/pathogens11010093
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Article

Effect of Female Sex Hormones on the Immune Response against Chlamydia abortus and on Protection Conferred by an Inactivated Experimental Vaccine in a Mouse Model

by
Laura Del Rio
1,*,
Antonio Murcia-Belmonte
1,
Antonio Julián Buendía
2,
Jose Antonio Navarro
2,
Nieves Ortega
1,
Daniel Alvarez
1,
Jesús Salinas
1 and
María Rosa Caro
1
1
Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
2
Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2022, 11(1), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010093
Submission received: 30 November 2021 / Revised: 22 December 2021 / Accepted: 11 January 2022 / Published: 14 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transmissible Diseases Affecting Reproduction in Small Ruminants)
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Abstract

Mice are valuable models extensively used to test vaccine candidates against Chlamydia abortus and to clarify immunopathological mechanisms of the bacteria. As this pathogen has the ability to reactivate during pregnancy, it is important to deepen the knowledge and understanding of some of the effects of female hormones on immunity and vaccination. This study is aimed at describing the role of sex hormones in the pathology of OEA during chlamydial clearance using ovariectomised mice and also gaining an understanding of how 17β-oestradiol or progesterone may impact the effectiveness of vaccination. Animals were treated with sex hormones and infected with C. abortus, and the kinetics of infection and immune response were analysed by means of bacterial isolation, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. In a second phase of the study, protection conferred by an experimental vaccine after hormone treatment was assessed. Oestradiol showed a stimulatory effect on the immune response during infection, with a more efficient recruitment of macrophages and T-cells at the infection site. Furthermore, after vaccination, oestradiol-treated animals showed a stronger protection against infection, indicating that this hormone has a positive effect, stimulating a specific memory response to the pathogen.
Keywords: Chlamydia abortus; progesterone; estradiol; vaccine; mouse model; immune response Chlamydia abortus; progesterone; estradiol; vaccine; mouse model; immune response

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MDPI and ACS Style

Del Rio, L.; Murcia-Belmonte, A.; Buendía, A.J.; Navarro, J.A.; Ortega, N.; Alvarez, D.; Salinas, J.; Caro, M.R. Effect of Female Sex Hormones on the Immune Response against Chlamydia abortus and on Protection Conferred by an Inactivated Experimental Vaccine in a Mouse Model. Pathogens 2022, 11, 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010093

AMA Style

Del Rio L, Murcia-Belmonte A, Buendía AJ, Navarro JA, Ortega N, Alvarez D, Salinas J, Caro MR. Effect of Female Sex Hormones on the Immune Response against Chlamydia abortus and on Protection Conferred by an Inactivated Experimental Vaccine in a Mouse Model. Pathogens. 2022; 11(1):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010093

Chicago/Turabian Style

Del Rio, Laura, Antonio Murcia-Belmonte, Antonio Julián Buendía, Jose Antonio Navarro, Nieves Ortega, Daniel Alvarez, Jesús Salinas, and María Rosa Caro. 2022. "Effect of Female Sex Hormones on the Immune Response against Chlamydia abortus and on Protection Conferred by an Inactivated Experimental Vaccine in a Mouse Model" Pathogens 11, no. 1: 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010093

APA Style

Del Rio, L., Murcia-Belmonte, A., Buendía, A. J., Navarro, J. A., Ortega, N., Alvarez, D., Salinas, J., & Caro, M. R. (2022). Effect of Female Sex Hormones on the Immune Response against Chlamydia abortus and on Protection Conferred by an Inactivated Experimental Vaccine in a Mouse Model. Pathogens, 11(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010093

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