Stability Analysis of the Surrounding Rock of Deep Underground Engineering Under the Action of Thermal-Solid Coupling
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Thermal-Solid Coupling Analysis Based on Finite Difference Method
3. Numerical Modeling of Deep Underground Engineering Determination
3.1. Numerical Modeling Establishment and Parameter Determination
3.2. Boundary Conditions and Numerical Calculation Scheme
4. Results and Analysis of Thermal-Solid Coupling Simulation
4.1. Multi-Field Evolution Patterns of Surrounding Rock Under Different Original Rock Temperatures
4.1.1. Evolution Patterns of Surrounding Rock Temperature Field
4.1.2. Evolution Patterns of Surrounding Rock Displacement Field
4.1.3. Evolution Patterns of Surrounding Rock Stress Field
4.1.4. Evolution Patterns of Plastic Zone of Surrounding Rock
4.2. Multi-Field Evolution Patterns of Surrounding Rock Under Continuous Excavation
4.2.1. Evolution Patterns of Surrounding Rock Temperature Field
4.2.2. Evolution Patterns of Surrounding Rock Displacement Field
5. Discussion
5.1. Disaster Forms Caused by High Rock Temperature
5.2. Effect of Thermal-Solid Coupling on Surrounding Rock Stability
5.3. Engineering Value and Prevention Measures
6. Conclusions
- After the completion of the three excavations, the distribution pattern of the isotherm was consistent with the geometric characteristics of the contour surface of the cavern. The temperature of the surrounding rock near the contour surface of the cavern was lower, but the temperature gradient was larger. At the same time, the temperature gradient of the surrounding rock gradually increased with the increase in the original rock temperature, and the temperature of the deep surrounding rock tended towards the original rock temperature.
- After the excavation, the greatest vertical displacement was observed at the vault and the bottom of the arch, and the lager horizontal displacement occurred in the middle of the sidewall of the cavern. Under different original rock temperature conditions, the vertical displacement exhibited a vault settlement value > the arch bottom uplift value. As the original rock temperature climbed from 30 °C to 90 °C, the increment of vault displacement was 2.45 times that of arch bottom displacement, and the influence of temperature change on the vault was more significant. At the same time, the horizontal displacement at different temperatures exhibited sidewall displacement > spandrel displacement > skewback displacement.
- The maximum principal stress was mainly compressive stress in a certain range of the contour surface of the cavern, and the tensile stress concentration phenomenon occurred in a small range. With the increase in temperature, the stress concentration degree further increased, and the concentration phenomenon at the spandrel and skewback on both sides was more obvious. The minimum principal stress was mainly compressive stress, and the variation range and stress concentration degree of the minimum principal stress on both sides of the cavern increased obviously with the increase in the original rock temperature.
- There was a direct relationship between the distribution area of the plastic zone and the temperature of the surrounding rock. The higher the original rock temperature, the greater the depth of the plastic zone. The types of plastic zones in the surrounding rock were mainly characterized by shear stress-induced yielding and tensile stress-induced damage failure. When the original rock temperature increased from 30 °C to 90 °C, the rock mass extending up to 1.5 m from the excavation contour surface formed a large area of damage zone, and the plastic zone changed from sporadic distribution on the contour surface of the cavern to the gradual convergence to form a large-scale plastic zone, and the area of the plastic zone increased obviously.
- During the continuous excavation of deep underground engineering, the thermostat ring diffused to the depth in a ring centered on the middle of the cavern. The closer the working face was to the monitoring section, the faster the temperature dropped at the monitoring surface and the greater the displacement change. When the working face advanced to the monitoring section, the speed of the monitoring section temperature decreased the fastest, and the displacement changed the most. When the excavation continued to the rear of the monitoring section, the temperature continued to decline, and the deformation continued to increase, but the rate of change decreased significantly.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material Type | Density (kg/m3) | Shear Modulus (GPa) | Bulk Modulus (GPa) | Cohesive Force (MPa) | Angle of Internal Friction (°) | Thermal Conductivity (W/(m·°C)) | Specific Heat J/(kg·°C) | Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (1/°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surrounding rock | 2500 | 3.36 | 5.38 | 7.8 | 24.5 | 2.78 | 840 | 1 × 10−5 |
initial spray | 2000 | 12.6 | 20.7 | —— | —— | —— | — | — |
Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Tensile Strength (N/mm2) | Slurry Cohesion (MPa) | Cement Slurry Stiffness (GPa) | Friction Angle of Slurry (°) | Outer Perimeter of Cement Slurry (m) | Cross-Section (m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
200 | 400 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 30 | 1.0 | 1.52 × 10−3 |
°C | m | ||
---|---|---|---|
1: Different original rock temperature | 1-1 | 30 | 6 |
1-2 | 50 | 6 | |
1-3 | 70 | 6 | |
1-4 | 90 | 6 | |
2: Different excavation processes | 2-1 | 50 | 2 |
2-2 | 50 | 4 | |
2-3 | 50 | 6 |
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Dou, X.; Shi, H.; Qing, Y.; Guo, J.; Cheng, L. Stability Analysis of the Surrounding Rock of Deep Underground Engineering Under the Action of Thermal-Solid Coupling. Buildings 2025, 15, 1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15091500
Dou X, Shi H, Qing Y, Guo J, Cheng L. Stability Analysis of the Surrounding Rock of Deep Underground Engineering Under the Action of Thermal-Solid Coupling. Buildings. 2025; 15(9):1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15091500
Chicago/Turabian StyleDou, Xiaoyu, Hongbin Shi, Yanbo Qing, Jiaqi Guo, and Lipan Cheng. 2025. "Stability Analysis of the Surrounding Rock of Deep Underground Engineering Under the Action of Thermal-Solid Coupling" Buildings 15, no. 9: 1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15091500
APA StyleDou, X., Shi, H., Qing, Y., Guo, J., & Cheng, L. (2025). Stability Analysis of the Surrounding Rock of Deep Underground Engineering Under the Action of Thermal-Solid Coupling. Buildings, 15(9), 1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15091500