Tensile Behavior of Basalt-Fiber-Grid-Reinforced Mortar before and after Exposure to Elevated Temperature
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Materials
2.2. Specimen Preparation and Test Set-Up
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Tensile Behavior of BGRM before Exposure to Elevated Temperature
3.1.1. Failure and Cracking Modes
3.1.2. Tensile Stress–Strain Curves
3.1.3. Comparison of the BGRM Reinforced with Different Basalt Fiber Grids
3.2. Tensile Behavior of the BGRM after Exposure to Elevated Temperature
3.2.1. Failure and Cracking Modes
3.2.2. Tensile Stress–Strain Curves
3.2.3. Degradation of Tensile Behavior of the BGRM
3.2.4. Strength Degradation Model
4. Conclusions
- The T25- and G50-reinforced mortar plates at ambient temperature exhibited more cracks and more obvious strain hardening in the post-cracking stage of stress–strain curves. The higher the bearing capacity of the grid, the greater the peak stress of the thin plate. The peak stress for the T25-reinforced plate was 85% and 32% higher than that of the T5- and G50-reinforced plates, respectively. In addition, adding short fibers to the mortar was a good choice to improve the tensile properties of BGRM, where both the cracking and peak stress can be improved.
- The fiber strength utilization efficiency of the grid was affected by the impregnation polymer. The G50 had the highest strength utilization efficiency of 78.3% when tensioned alone, and the T5 had the lowest value of 24.5%. The epoxy resin was recommended as the impregnated polymer for the high-strength utilization of fiber in the grid. Moreover, the strength utilization efficiency of the T25 and G50 decreased when tensioned in the plate, while the strength utilization efficiency of the T5 was improved due to that the twisted yarn was restrained by the mortar.
- High-temperature exposure time was the key factor affecting the tensile properties of BGRM. With the high-temperature exposure time increasing, the reinforcement effect of the fiber grid on the mortar was gradually weakened. The strain hardening in the post-cracking stage of the stress–strain curve gradually became less obvious, and the cracking and peak stress decreased significantly. In addition, owing to the melting of short fibers at high temperature, it is undesirable to improve the tensile properties by adding PVA fiber into the mortar.
- As the high-temperature exposure time increased, the strength degradation coefficient of the BGRM plates decreased rapidly at first and then gradually became gentle. The higher the impregnation polymer content in the fiber grid, the slower the strength degradation of the plate. The slowest strength degradation was observed in the G50-reinforced mortar plate, whose degradation coefficient was 26.2% higher than that of the T5-reinforced plate. Based on the experimental results, an exponential strength degradation model related to the high-temperature exposure time was proposed, which can describe the strength degradation law of the BGRM plates well.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Basalt Fiber Grid | Mesh Size (mm) | Cross-Sectional Area of Fibers in the Grid (mm2) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Ultimate Strain (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T5 | 5 × 5 | 3.98 | 694 (21.4) | 32.6 (1.7) | 2.7 (0.31) |
T25 | 25 × 25 | 6.04 | 1647 (126.4) | 74.6 (5.2) | 2.4 (0.08) |
G50 | 50 × 50 | 2.72 | 2217 (150.3) | 93.4 (7.8) | 2.3 (0.12) |
BGRM Plate Series | Specimen Number | Grid Type | Reinforcement Ratio (%) | Short PVA Fiber (%) | Temperature T (°C) | Exposure Time t (h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BT5 | BT5-CT | T5 | 0.398 | 20 | ||
BT5-300-1h | 300 | 1 | ||||
BT5-300-2h | 300 | 2 | ||||
BT25 | BT25-CT | T25 | 0.604 | 20 | ||
BT25-300-1h | 300 | 1 | ||||
BT25-300-2h | 300 | 2 | ||||
BG50 | BG50-CT | G50 | 0.272 | 20 | ||
BG50-300-1h | 300 | 1 | ||||
BG50-300-2h | 300 | 2 | ||||
BG50F | BG50F-CT | G50 | 0.272 | 1.0 | 20 | |
BG50F-300-1h | 300 | 1 | ||||
BG50F-300-2h | 300 | 2 |
Specimen Number | Cracking Load Pcr (N) | Cracking Stress σcr (MPa) | Cracking Strain εcr (%) | Peak Load Pu (N) | Peak Stress σu (MPa) | Peak Strain εu (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BT5-CT | 4154.3 (4.4) | 4.15 (4.4) | 0.46 (6.7) | 3505.8 (7.3) | 3.51 (7.3) | 0.84 (1.1) |
BT25-CT | 3961.4 (17) | 3.96 (17) | 0.41 (7.9) | 6503.5 (1.6) | 6.50 (1.6) | 3.54 (6.7) |
BG50-CT | 3487.1 (8.7) | 3.49 (8.7) | 0.46 (22) | 4936.5 (5.2) | 4.94 (5.2) | 3.31 (10) |
BG50F-CT | 4640.2 (13) | 4.64 (13) | 0.37 (3.3) | 5702.3 (0.9) | 5.70 (0.9) | 1.88 (9.8) |
Specimen Number | Cracking Load Pcr (N) | Cracking Stress σcr (MPa) | Cracking Strain εcr (%) | Peak Load Pu (N) | Peak Stress σu (MPa) | Peak Strain εu (%) | Degradation Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BT5-300-1h | 2293.1 (16) | 2.29 (16) | 0.28 (16) | 2591.7 (9.4) | 2.59 (9.4) | 1.09 (20) | 0.74 |
BT5-300-2h | 1642.7 (13) | 1.64 (13) | 0.19 (14) | 2148.5 (3.9) | 2.15 (3.9) | 0.51 (27) | 0.61 |
BT25-300-1h | 2660.9 (13) | 2.66 (13) | 0.25 (7.2) | 5409.5 (13) | 5.4 (13) | 2.50 (15) | 0.83 |
BT25-300-2h | 1942.2 (15) | 1.94 (15) | 0.30 (5.3) | 4916.0 (15) | 4.92 (15) | 2.34 (11) | 0.75 |
BG50-300-1h | 1982.2 (7.5) | 1.98 (7.5) | 0.46 (2.7) | 4478.2 (11) | 4.48 (11) | 2.21 (9.2) | 0.91 |
BG50-300-2h | 1897.3 (1.0) | 1.90 (1.0) | 0.18 (24) | 3818.2 (13) | 3.82 (13) | 1.52 (16) | 0.77 |
BG50F-300-1h | 3050.8 (11) | 3.05 (11) | 0.24 (18) | 4404.2 (12) | 4.40 (12) | 2.27 (8.9) | 0.89 |
BG50F-300-2h | 2348.1 (6.1) | 2.35 (6.1) | 0.23 (17) | 3990.3 (3.4) | 3.99 (3.4) | 1.12 (1.5) | 0.70 |
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Zhang, X.; He, W.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, C.; Wu, X. Tensile Behavior of Basalt-Fiber-Grid-Reinforced Mortar before and after Exposure to Elevated Temperature. Buildings 2022, 12, 2269. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122269
Zhang X, He W, Zhang Y, Chen C, Wu X. Tensile Behavior of Basalt-Fiber-Grid-Reinforced Mortar before and after Exposure to Elevated Temperature. Buildings. 2022; 12(12):2269. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122269
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Xiaofei, Weidong He, Yongwang Zhang, Cheng Chen, and Xun Wu. 2022. "Tensile Behavior of Basalt-Fiber-Grid-Reinforced Mortar before and after Exposure to Elevated Temperature" Buildings 12, no. 12: 2269. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122269
APA StyleZhang, X., He, W., Zhang, Y., Chen, C., & Wu, X. (2022). Tensile Behavior of Basalt-Fiber-Grid-Reinforced Mortar before and after Exposure to Elevated Temperature. Buildings, 12(12), 2269. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122269