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Article

Anodized Biomedical Stainless-Steel Mini-Implant for Rapid Recovery in a Rabbit Model

by
Yung-Chieh Cho
1,2,
Wei-Chiang Hung
3,4,†,
Wen-Chien Lan
5,
Takashi Saito
6,
Bai-Hung Huang
2,7,8,9,
Chen-Han Lee
1,10,
Hsin-Yu Tsai
6,
Mao-Suan Huang
3,11,* and
Keng-Liang Ou
2,5,6,10,11,12,*
1
School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
2
Biomedical Technology R & D Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
3
School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
4
Division of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
5
Department of Oral Hygiene Care, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 203, Taiwan
6
Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
7
Graduate Institute of Dental Science, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
8
Asia Pacific Laser Institute, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
9
Implant Academy of Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Taipei 106, Taiwan
10
Taiwan Society of Blood Biomaterials, New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
11
Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
12
3D Global Biotech Inc. (Spin-Off Company from Taipei Medical University), New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
 
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*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Co-First author: Wei-Chiang Hung.
Metals 2021, 11(10), 1575; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101575
Submission received: 27 August 2021 / Revised: 23 September 2021 / Accepted: 26 September 2021 / Published: 3 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomedical Metallic Materials)
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Abstract

The study aimed to analyze the recovery period of the anodized 316L biomedical stainless steel (BSS) mini-implant through its implantation on femur of rabbit model. The 316L BSS mini-implant was modified by an electrochemical anodization approach with different voltages. The anodized samples were characterized via field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The biocompatibility was assessed by cell culture assay. The anodized mini-implant was implanted on rabbit’s femur then evaluated histologically after 4 and 8 weeks. Analytical results indicated that the topography of the anodized mini-implant at 5 V for 5 min consisted of a dual (micro/nano) porous structure. Oxide film of Cr2O3 was formed on the surface of anodized mini-implant after anodizing with 5 V for 5 min. In vitro cell culture assay revealed that fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3) on the anodized samples were more firmly attached as compared with the control sample. Moreover, histological analysis demonstrated that the anodized mini-implant improved bone recovering at 4 weeks after implantation. Thus, this study suggests that the anodized 316L BSS mini-implant could be a potential choice as anchorage device for effective and efficient orthodontic treatment.
Keywords: anodization; stability; mini-implant; biomedical stainless-steel; biocompatibility anodization; stability; mini-implant; biomedical stainless-steel; biocompatibility

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cho, Y.-C.; Hung, W.-C.; Lan, W.-C.; Saito, T.; Huang, B.-H.; Lee, C.-H.; Tsai, H.-Y.; Huang, M.-S.; Ou, K.-L. Anodized Biomedical Stainless-Steel Mini-Implant for Rapid Recovery in a Rabbit Model. Metals 2021, 11, 1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101575

AMA Style

Cho Y-C, Hung W-C, Lan W-C, Saito T, Huang B-H, Lee C-H, Tsai H-Y, Huang M-S, Ou K-L. Anodized Biomedical Stainless-Steel Mini-Implant for Rapid Recovery in a Rabbit Model. Metals. 2021; 11(10):1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101575

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cho, Yung-Chieh, Wei-Chiang Hung, Wen-Chien Lan, Takashi Saito, Bai-Hung Huang, Chen-Han Lee, Hsin-Yu Tsai, Mao-Suan Huang, and Keng-Liang Ou. 2021. "Anodized Biomedical Stainless-Steel Mini-Implant for Rapid Recovery in a Rabbit Model" Metals 11, no. 10: 1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101575

APA Style

Cho, Y.-C., Hung, W.-C., Lan, W.-C., Saito, T., Huang, B.-H., Lee, C.-H., Tsai, H.-Y., Huang, M.-S., & Ou, K.-L. (2021). Anodized Biomedical Stainless-Steel Mini-Implant for Rapid Recovery in a Rabbit Model. Metals, 11(10), 1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101575

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