Motivations of Sports Volunteers at Mass Endurance Events: A Case Study of Poznan
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Research Instrument
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Study Limitations and Practical Implications
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Variable | Women (Mean ± SD) | Men (Mean ± SD) | t | p | Cohen’s d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Expression of Values | 6.31 ± 0.88 | 6.28 ± 0.90 | 0.20 | 0.848 | 0.03 |
Patriotism | 3.70 ± 1.69 | 3.70 ± 1.55 | 0.00 | 0.999 | 0.00 |
Interpersonal Contacts | 5.72 ± 1.02 | 5.85 ± 0.91 | −0.82 | 0.411 | −0.13 |
Career Orientation | 5.26 ± 1.36 | 5.42 ± 1.04 | −0.85 | 0.419 | −0.13 |
Personal Growth | 5.65 ± 1.00 | 5.38 ± 1.10 | 1.55 | 0.119 | 0.25 |
Extrinsic Rewards | 2.91 ± 1.56 | 3.26 ± 1.49 | −1.39 | 0.158 | −0.23 |
Love of Sport | 5.38 ± 1.46 | 5.83 ± 1.05 | −2.18 | 0.037 * | −0.35 |
Study Variables | Education | Mean ± SD | N | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Expression of Values | Primary | 6.06 ± 0.83 | 4 | 0.382 | 0.766 |
Higher | 6.36 ± 0.86 | 87 | |||
Vocational | 6.42 ± 0.80 | 3 | |||
Secondary | 6.22 ± 0.95 | 54 | |||
Patriotism | Primary | 4.60 ± 1.43 | 4 | 2.659 | 0.051 |
Higher | 3.94 ± 1.66 | 87 | |||
Vocational | 4.00 ± 0.53 | 3 | |||
Secondary | 3.23 ± 1.52 | 54 | |||
Interpersonal Contacts | Primary | 5.55 ± 1.28 | 4 | 0.327 | 0.806 |
Higher | 5.77 ± 0.94 | 87 | |||
Vocational | 6.27 ± 0.64 | 3 | |||
Secondary | 5.79 ± 1.03 | 54 | |||
Career Orientation | Primary | 6.12 ± 0.50 | 4 | 0.719 | 0.542 |
Higher | 5.28 ± 1.32 | 87 | |||
Vocational | 5.00 ± 1.74 | 3 | |||
Secondary | 5.38 ± 1.06 | 54 | |||
Personal Growth | Primary | 6.00 ± 0.62 | 4 | 0.383 | 0.766 |
Higher | 5.48 ± 1.06 | 87 | |||
Vocational | 5.33 ± 1.72 | 3 | |||
Secondary | 5.57 ± 1.04 | 54 | |||
Extrinsic Rewards | Primary | 1.83 ± 1.11 | 4 | 1.202 | 0.311 |
Higher | 3.05 ± 1.53 | 87 | |||
Vocational | 2.44 ± 0.19 | 3 | |||
Secondary | 3.22 ± 1.59 | 54 | |||
Love of Sport | Primary | 4.83 ± 2.12 | 4 | 0.642 | 0.589 |
Higher | 5.57 ± 1.26 | 87 | |||
Vocational | 5.17 ± 1.26 | 3 | |||
Secondary | 5.68 ± 1.34 | 54 |
Study Variables | Place of Residence | Mean ± SD | N | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Expression of Values | large city | 6.23 ± 0.95 | 94 | 1.664 | 0.177 |
medium-sized town | 6.16 ± 1.13 | 8 | |||
small town | 5.96 ± 0.80 | 7 | |||
village | 6.55 ± 0.64 | 39 | |||
Patriotism | large city | 3.40 ± 1.49 | 94 | 3.664 | 0.014 * |
medium-sized town | 3.73 ± 1.18 | 8 | |||
small town | 4.71 ± 1.74 | 7 | |||
village | 4.25 ± 1.82 | 39 | |||
Interpersonal Contacts | large city | 5.59 ± 0.96 | 94 | 4.431 | 0.005 ** |
medium-sized town | 5.55 ± 1.62 | 8 | |||
small town | 6.11 ± 0.89 | 7 | |||
village | 6.21 ± 0.69 | 39 | |||
Career Orientation | large city | 5.27 ± 1.13 | 94 | 0.567 | 0.638 |
medium-sized town | 5.06 ± 2.18 | 8 | |||
small town | 5.64 ± 1.24 | 7 | |||
village | 5.49 ± 1.21 | 39 | |||
Personal Growth | large city | 5.38 ± 1.01 | 94 | 6.543 | 0.000 ** |
medium-sized town | 5.11 ± 1.56 | 8 | |||
small town | 4.80 ± 1.23 | 7 | |||
village | 6.09 ± 0.76 | 39 | |||
Extrinsic Rewards | large city | 2.99 ± 1.36 | 94 | 3.445 | 0.018 * |
medium-sized town | 1.92 ± 1.14 | 8 | |||
small town | 4.29 ± 2.21 | 7 | |||
village | 3.27 ± 1.72 | 39 | |||
Love of Sport | large city | 5.41 ± 1.27 | 94 | 2.252 | 0.085 |
medium-sized town | 5.29 ± 1.60 | 8 | |||
small town | 5.67 ± 1.86 | 7 | |||
village | 6.03 ± 1.17 | 39 |
Study Variables | r | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Expression of Values | Age | 0.134 | 0.124 |
Patriotism | 0.280 | 0.001 ** | |
Interpersonal Contacts | 0.006 | 0.941 | |
Career Orientation | −0.135 | 0.102 | |
Personal Growth | 0.091 | 0.271 | |
Extrinsic Rewards | –0.006 | 0.943 | |
Love of Sport | 0.010 | 0.905 | |
Expression of Values | BMI | −0.052 | 0.530 |
Patriotism | −0.076 | 0.358 | |
Interpersonal Contacts | 0.053 | 0.520 | |
Career Orientation | −0.079 | 0.338 | |
Personal Growth | 0.037 | 0.660 | |
Extrinsic Rewards | −0.004 | 0.962 | |
Love of Sport | −0.205 | 0.012 * |
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Michalska, M.; Grajek, M.; Rozmiarek, M. Motivations of Sports Volunteers at Mass Endurance Events: A Case Study of Poznan. Sports 2025, 13, 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13080255
Michalska M, Grajek M, Rozmiarek M. Motivations of Sports Volunteers at Mass Endurance Events: A Case Study of Poznan. Sports. 2025; 13(8):255. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13080255
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichalska, Milena, Mateusz Grajek, and Mateusz Rozmiarek. 2025. "Motivations of Sports Volunteers at Mass Endurance Events: A Case Study of Poznan" Sports 13, no. 8: 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13080255
APA StyleMichalska, M., Grajek, M., & Rozmiarek, M. (2025). Motivations of Sports Volunteers at Mass Endurance Events: A Case Study of Poznan. Sports, 13(8), 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13080255