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Volume 12
Issue 2
10.3390/lubricants12020031
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Article

Synergistic Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering Driven Solid-Solution Phases on Scratch Resistance in Two-Dimensional Materials

by
Varad Agarwal
1,
Ambreen Nisar
2,*,
Abhijith K. Sukumaran
2,
Lihua Lou
2 and
Sohail M. A. K. Mohammed
2
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
2
Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Lubricants 2024, 12(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12020031
Submission received: 12 December 2023 / Revised: 20 January 2024 / Accepted: 22 January 2024 / Published: 24 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials in Tribology)
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Abstract

Developing a solid lubricant with the ideal blend of lubrication and mechanical strength poses a formidable challenge. For the first time, we delve into synthesis and wear behavior of multicomponent 2D materials via spark plasma sintering (SPS) by mixing equimolar concentrations of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and tungsten disulfide (WS2) using ball-milling (BM) and cryo-milling (CM) techniques. The mixing process controls the distribution of parent phases and thus solid-solutions, forming new phases, namely BCN, (Mo,W)S2, and B4C in the sample post sintering. The CM sample revealed a higher densification of 93% in contrast to the BM sample, with only 86% densification and a higher content of BCN, (Mo,W)S2, and B4C phases, exhibited via XRD and confocal Raman analysis. CM sample showed improved wear resistance (up to 46%) elicited from the lower wear volume loss (9.78 × 106 µm3) as compared to the BM sample (14.32 × 106 µm3). The dominant wear mechanisms were plowing, cracking, spallation, and severe abrasion in the BM sample, while cracking and plowing in the CM sample. The findings can pave the way for tailoring solid lubricants’ compositions and wear behavior per the intended application.
Keywords: two-dimensional (2D) materials; wear mechanism; solid-solution; spark plasma sintering (SPS); acoustic amission (AE) two-dimensional (2D) materials; wear mechanism; solid-solution; spark plasma sintering (SPS); acoustic amission (AE)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Agarwal, V.; Nisar, A.; Sukumaran, A.K.; Lou, L.; Mohammed, S.M.A.K. Synergistic Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering Driven Solid-Solution Phases on Scratch Resistance in Two-Dimensional Materials. Lubricants 2024, 12, 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12020031

AMA Style

Agarwal V, Nisar A, Sukumaran AK, Lou L, Mohammed SMAK. Synergistic Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering Driven Solid-Solution Phases on Scratch Resistance in Two-Dimensional Materials. Lubricants. 2024; 12(2):31. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12020031

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agarwal, Varad, Ambreen Nisar, Abhijith K. Sukumaran, Lihua Lou, and Sohail M. A. K. Mohammed. 2024. "Synergistic Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering Driven Solid-Solution Phases on Scratch Resistance in Two-Dimensional Materials" Lubricants 12, no. 2: 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12020031

APA Style

Agarwal, V., Nisar, A., Sukumaran, A. K., Lou, L., & Mohammed, S. M. A. K. (2024). Synergistic Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering Driven Solid-Solution Phases on Scratch Resistance in Two-Dimensional Materials. Lubricants, 12(2), 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12020031

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