Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System Training Using Nine Different Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms for Time-Series Analysis of Brent Oil Price and Detailed Performance Analysis

Brent oil holds a significant position in the global energy market, as oil prices in many regions are indexed to it. Therefore, forecasting the future price of Brent oil is of great importance. In recent years, artificial intelligence techniques have been widely applied in modeling and prediction tasks. In this study, an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), a well-established AI approach, was employed for the time-series forecasting of Brent oil prices. To ensure effective learning and improve prediction accuracy, ANFIS was trained using nine different metaheuristic algorithms: Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Selfish Herd Optimizer (SHO), Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO), Multi-Verse Optimizer (MVO), Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), Cuckoo Search (CS), Moth Flame Optimization (MFO), Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA), and Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). Symmetric training procedures were applied across all algorithms to ensure fair and consistent evaluation. The analyses were conducted on the lowest and highest daily, weekly, and monthly Brent oil prices. Mean squared error (MSE) was used as the primary performance metric. The results showed that all algorithms achieved effective prediction performance. Among them, BBO and TLBO demonstrated superior accuracy and stability, particularly in handling the complexities of Brent oil forecasting. This study contributes to the literature by combining ANFIS and metaheuristics within a symmetric framework of experimentation and evaluation.