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Volume 14
Issue 4
10.3390/land14040679
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Article

How Cultural Backgrounds Affect Perceived Restorativeness of Campus Outdoor Spaces: A Pilot Study in China’s Multi-Ethnic Region

by
Chanchan Dong
1,2,
Tian Gao
1,*,
Ling Qiu
1,*,
Jiangtao Jiu
2,
Wei Yuan
2,
Tao Xiao
2 and
Fucai Liu
2
1
College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
2
College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Land 2025, 14(4), 679; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040679
Submission received: 21 February 2025 / Revised: 20 March 2025 / Accepted: 21 March 2025 / Published: 23 March 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urbanscapes: The Role of Green Infrastructure on the Resilience of Ecosystem Services)
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Abstract

Enhancing the psychological well-being of college students through campus environment design is crucial, particularly in multi-ethnic regions where students’ restoration perceptions may be shaped by their cultural backgrounds. This study investigated the impact of four types of campus outdoor spaces on students’ restorative perceptions in Xinjiang, China’s multi-ethnic region, employing interviews and questionnaires. The results indicated that green and blue spaces had the highest restorative potential. Ethnicity significantly influenced perceived restoration, with Uyghur students exhibiting higher restorative perceptions in gray and green spaces compared to Han students. Uyghur students’ restoration perceptions were more closely associated with cultural displays and social support, and they were more sensitive to spatial types and environmental details. Furthermore, Uyghur students demonstrated higher restorative perceptions during social and reading activities, while Han students benefited more from contemplative activities. In conclusion, campus environment design should take into account ethnic cultural differences and behavioral habits to meet diverse psychological needs. This study offers targeted guidance for optimizing campus environments in Xinjiang, emphasizing the integration of ethnic cultural elements to create a multicultural and supportive campus landscape atmosphere.
Keywords: campus outdoor spaces; perceived restorativeness; cultural differences; multi-ethnic regions; Xinjiang; China campus outdoor spaces; perceived restorativeness; cultural differences; multi-ethnic regions; Xinjiang; China

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dong, C.; Gao, T.; Qiu, L.; Jiu, J.; Yuan, W.; Xiao, T.; Liu, F. How Cultural Backgrounds Affect Perceived Restorativeness of Campus Outdoor Spaces: A Pilot Study in China’s Multi-Ethnic Region. Land 2025, 14, 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040679

AMA Style

Dong C, Gao T, Qiu L, Jiu J, Yuan W, Xiao T, Liu F. How Cultural Backgrounds Affect Perceived Restorativeness of Campus Outdoor Spaces: A Pilot Study in China’s Multi-Ethnic Region. Land. 2025; 14(4):679. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040679

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dong, Chanchan, Tian Gao, Ling Qiu, Jiangtao Jiu, Wei Yuan, Tao Xiao, and Fucai Liu. 2025. "How Cultural Backgrounds Affect Perceived Restorativeness of Campus Outdoor Spaces: A Pilot Study in China’s Multi-Ethnic Region" Land 14, no. 4: 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040679

APA Style

Dong, C., Gao, T., Qiu, L., Jiu, J., Yuan, W., Xiao, T., & Liu, F. (2025). How Cultural Backgrounds Affect Perceived Restorativeness of Campus Outdoor Spaces: A Pilot Study in China’s Multi-Ethnic Region. Land, 14(4), 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040679

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