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10.3390/w16030455
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Article

Identification and Distribution Characteristics of Odorous Compounds in Sediments of a Shallow Water Reservoir

by
Jiahe Wang
1,
Hongbin Zhu
2,
Cong Wang
3,4,
Longji Zhang
1,
Rong Zhang
5,
Cancan Jiang
3,4,
Lei Wang
3,4,
Yingyu Tan
6,
Yi He
3,5,
Shengjun Xu
3,4,5,* and
Xuliang Zhuang
3,4,7,*
1
Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
2
Zhejiang Yiwu Municipal Water Affairs Bureau, Yiwu 322099, China
3
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
4
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5
Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Yiwu 322000, China
6
Eco-Environmental Science Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China
7
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2024, 16(3), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16030455
Submission received: 18 December 2023 / Revised: 21 January 2024 / Accepted: 26 January 2024 / Published: 31 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen Cycles and Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases in Aquatic Ecosystem: Microbial Process, Mechanisms, and Effects)
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Abstract

Odorous sediments containing volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) are a common issue in shallow water reservoirs globally. Volatile organic sulfur compounds are a typical class of malodorous substances that have attracted widespread attention due to their pungent odors and extremely low odor thresholds. The insufficient hydrodynamic conditions in the reservoir area lead to the accumulation of pollutants in the sediment, where biochemical reactions occur at the sediment–water interface, serving as a significant source of foul-smelling substances in the water body. This study analyzed sediment samples from 10 locations across a shallow water reservoir using flavor profile analysis, an electronic nose, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The predominant odor types were earthy/musty and putrid/septic, with key odorants being VOSCs, 2-methylisoborneol, and geosmin. The results revealed VOSCs from organic matter account for up to 96.7% of odor activity. More importantly, concentrations and release fluxes of VOSCs consistently decrease along the water flow direction from dam regions to tail regions. This trend matches organic matter accumulation patterns in shallow reservoirs and highlights dam areas as hotspots for malodorous sediment. The generalized spatial distribution pattern and identification of key malodorous compounds establish a basis for understanding and managing odor issues in shallow freshwater reservoir sediments.
Keywords: anoxic; fresh water; odorants; volatile sulfides anoxic; fresh water; odorants; volatile sulfides

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, J.; Zhu, H.; Wang, C.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, R.; Jiang, C.; Wang, L.; Tan, Y.; He, Y.; Xu, S.; et al. Identification and Distribution Characteristics of Odorous Compounds in Sediments of a Shallow Water Reservoir. Water 2024, 16, 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16030455

AMA Style

Wang J, Zhu H, Wang C, Zhang L, Zhang R, Jiang C, Wang L, Tan Y, He Y, Xu S, et al. Identification and Distribution Characteristics of Odorous Compounds in Sediments of a Shallow Water Reservoir. Water. 2024; 16(3):455. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16030455

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Jiahe, Hongbin Zhu, Cong Wang, Longji Zhang, Rong Zhang, Cancan Jiang, Lei Wang, Yingyu Tan, Yi He, Shengjun Xu, and et al. 2024. "Identification and Distribution Characteristics of Odorous Compounds in Sediments of a Shallow Water Reservoir" Water 16, no. 3: 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16030455

APA Style

Wang, J., Zhu, H., Wang, C., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Jiang, C., Wang, L., Tan, Y., He, Y., Xu, S., & Zhuang, X. (2024). Identification and Distribution Characteristics of Odorous Compounds in Sediments of a Shallow Water Reservoir. Water, 16(3), 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16030455

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