Membrane Transporters for Amino Acids as Players of Cancer Metabolic Rewiring
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Crucial Amino Acids for Cancer Cells
2.1. Glutamine and Glutamate
2.2. Asparagine and Aspartate
2.3. Leucine and Other Essential Amino Acids
2.4. Cysteine, Methionine, Serine, Glycine and the One-Carbon Atom Metabolism
2.5. Proline as the Bridge Between TCA and Urea Cycle
2.6. Aspects of Amino Acids in Cancer Nutrition
3. Amino Acid Transporters in Cancer
3.1. SLC1A5: Role in the Traffic of Glutamine and Other Neutral Amino Acids in Cancer
3.2. SLC6A14: Concentrative Transporter for Amino Acids in Cancer
3.3. SLC7A1, SLC7A2 and SLC7A3: Role in the Traffic of Cationic Amino Acids in Cancer
3.4. SLC7A5: Role in the Traffic of Essential Amino Acids in Cancer
3.5. xCT: Role in Managing the Redox Stress of Cancer Cells
3.6. SLC38A2: Concentrative Transporter of Glutamine and Other Neutral Amino Acids in Cancer
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SLC1A5 (ASCT2) | SLC6A14 (ATB0,+) | SLC7A1-2-3 (CAT 1-2-3) | SLC7A5 (LAT1) | SLC7A11 (xCT) | SLC38A2 (SNAT2) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCA | PCA | PCA | PCA | [19,61,62,63,64,65,66,67] | ||
CRC | CRC | CRC (C1-2) | CRC | CRC | [19,61,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75] | |
HCC | HCC (C1) | HCC | HCC | [61,69,76,77] | ||
LC | LC | LC | [19,61,67,78,79,80,81] | |||
BC | BC | BC (C1) | BC | BC | BC | [19,26,61,62,67,69,79,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91] |
N & G | N & G | [61,92,93] | ||||
EC | EC | [61,94,95] | ||||
OC | OC | OC | [19,61,96,97] | |||
RCC | RCC | [19,61,98,99] | ||||
P & BC | P & BC | PC | PC | [61,100,101,102,103,104] | ||
GC | GC (C1) | GC | [61,105,106,107,108,109,110] | |||
BT | [111] | |||||
PM (C1) | [61] | |||||
CC | CC | CC | CC | [19,86,112,113] | ||
OSCC | OSCC | OSCC | [114,115,116,117] | |||
TC (C1) | [118] | |||||
M (C1) | M | [119,120] | ||||
L (C1-2) | L | [121,122,123,124] | ||||
ESCA | ESCA | ESCA | [115,125] | |||
G | [88,126,127,128,129] | |||||
THCA | [130] | |||||
LSCC | [131] | |||||
GBM | [132,133] | |||||
THCA (C3) | [130] | |||||
OC (C3) | TSCC | [134,135] |
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Scalise, M.; Console, L.; Rovella, F.; Galluccio, M.; Pochini, L.; Indiveri, C. Membrane Transporters for Amino Acids as Players of Cancer Metabolic Rewiring. Cells 2020, 9, 2028. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092028
Scalise M, Console L, Rovella F, Galluccio M, Pochini L, Indiveri C. Membrane Transporters for Amino Acids as Players of Cancer Metabolic Rewiring. Cells. 2020; 9(9):2028. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092028
Chicago/Turabian StyleScalise, Mariafrancesca, Lara Console, Filomena Rovella, Michele Galluccio, Lorena Pochini, and Cesare Indiveri. 2020. "Membrane Transporters for Amino Acids as Players of Cancer Metabolic Rewiring" Cells 9, no. 9: 2028. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092028