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Cells
Volume 14
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10.3390/cells14020144
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Review

The Link Between Venous and Arterial Thrombosis: Is There a Role for Endothelial Dysfunction?

by
Marco Paolo Donadini
1,2,*,†,
Francesca Calcaterra
3,4,†,
Erica Romualdi
2,
Roberta Ciceri
3,4,
Assunta Cancellara
3,4,
Corrado Lodigiani
5,
Monica Bacci
5,
Silvia Della Bella
3,4,
Walter Ageno
1,6 and
Domenico Mavilio
3,4
1
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center on Thromboembolic Diseases and Antithrombotic Therapies, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
2
Centro Trombosi e TAO, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
3
Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20125 Milan, Italy
4
Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
5
Center for Thrombosis and Hemorrhagic Diseases, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
6
Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona e Valli, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Cells 2025, 14(2), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14020144
Submission received: 23 November 2024 / Revised: 14 January 2025 / Accepted: 17 January 2025 / Published: 20 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight into Endothelial Function and Atherosclerosis)
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Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thrombosis (AT) are distinct yet closely related pathological processes. While traditionally considered separate entities, accumulating evidence suggests that they share common risk factors, such as inflammation and endothelial dysfunction (ED). This review explores the parallels and differences between venous and arterial thrombosis, with particular attention to the role of unprovoked VTE and its potential links to atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation. A key focus is the role of ED, which is emerging as a critical factor in thrombogenesis across both the venous and arterial systems. We examine the current methods for clinically detecting ED, including the use of biomarkers and advanced imaging techniques. Additionally, we discuss novel research avenues, such as the potential of endothelial colony-forming cells and other innovative methodologies, to further unravel the complex mechanisms of thrombosis. Finally, we propose future clinical scenarios where targeting endothelial health could pave the way for more effective prevention and treatment strategies in thrombosis management.
Keywords: venous thromboembolism (VTE); arterial thrombosis (AT); endothelial dysfunction (ED) venous thromboembolism (VTE); arterial thrombosis (AT); endothelial dysfunction (ED)
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MDPI and ACS Style

Donadini, M.P.; Calcaterra, F.; Romualdi, E.; Ciceri, R.; Cancellara, A.; Lodigiani, C.; Bacci, M.; Della Bella, S.; Ageno, W.; Mavilio, D. The Link Between Venous and Arterial Thrombosis: Is There a Role for Endothelial Dysfunction? Cells 2025, 14, 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14020144

AMA Style

Donadini MP, Calcaterra F, Romualdi E, Ciceri R, Cancellara A, Lodigiani C, Bacci M, Della Bella S, Ageno W, Mavilio D. The Link Between Venous and Arterial Thrombosis: Is There a Role for Endothelial Dysfunction? Cells. 2025; 14(2):144. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14020144

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donadini, Marco Paolo, Francesca Calcaterra, Erica Romualdi, Roberta Ciceri, Assunta Cancellara, Corrado Lodigiani, Monica Bacci, Silvia Della Bella, Walter Ageno, and Domenico Mavilio. 2025. "The Link Between Venous and Arterial Thrombosis: Is There a Role for Endothelial Dysfunction?" Cells 14, no. 2: 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14020144

APA Style

Donadini, M. P., Calcaterra, F., Romualdi, E., Ciceri, R., Cancellara, A., Lodigiani, C., Bacci, M., Della Bella, S., Ageno, W., & Mavilio, D. (2025). The Link Between Venous and Arterial Thrombosis: Is There a Role for Endothelial Dysfunction? Cells, 14(2), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14020144

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