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Review

Man-Specific Lectins from Plants, Fungi, Algae and Cyanobacteria, as Potential Blockers for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Coronaviruses: Biomedical Perspectives

by
Annick Barre
1,
Els J. M. Van Damme
2,
Mathias Simplicien
1,
Sophie Le Poder
3,
Bernard Klonjkowski
3,
Hervé Benoist
1,
David Peyrade
4 and
Pierre Rougé
1,*
1
UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France
2
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
3
UMR Virologie, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
4
UMR5129 Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectonique, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA-Leti Minatec, CEDEX, F-38054 Grenoble, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2021, 10(7), 1619; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10071619
Submission received: 28 April 2021 / Revised: 6 June 2021 / Accepted: 25 June 2021 / Published: 28 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Plant, Algae and Fungi Cell Biology)
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Abstract

Betacoronaviruses, responsible for the “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome” (SARS) and the “Middle East Respiratory Syndrome” (MERS), use the spikes protruding from the virion envelope to attach and subsequently infect the host cells. The coronavirus spike (S) proteins contain receptor binding domains (RBD), allowing the specific recognition of either the dipeptidyl peptidase CD23 (MERS-CoV) or the angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE2 (SARS-Cov, SARS-CoV-2) host cell receptors. The heavily glycosylated S protein includes both complex and high-mannose type N-glycans that are well exposed at the surface of the spikes. A detailed analysis of the carbohydrate-binding specificity of mannose-binding lectins from plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria, revealed that, depending on their origin, they preferentially recognize either complex type N-glycans, or high-mannose type N-glycans. Since both complex and high-mannose glycans substantially decorate the S proteins, mannose-specific lectins are potentially useful glycan probes for targeting the SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 virions. Mannose-binding legume lectins, like pea lectin, and monocot mannose-binding lectins, like snowdrop lectin or the algal lectin griffithsin, which specifically recognize complex N-glycans and high-mannose glycans, respectively, are particularly adapted for targeting coronaviruses. The biomedical prospects of targeting coronaviruses with mannose-specific lectins are wide-ranging including detection, immobilization, prevention, and control of coronavirus infection.
Keywords: plant lectins; mannose-specific lectins; plant lectins; algae lectins; fungi lectins; cyanobacteria lectins; pea lectin; artocarpin; snowdrop lectin; biomedical applications; coronaviruses; SARS-CoV; MERS-CoV; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 plant lectins; mannose-specific lectins; plant lectins; algae lectins; fungi lectins; cyanobacteria lectins; pea lectin; artocarpin; snowdrop lectin; biomedical applications; coronaviruses; SARS-CoV; MERS-CoV; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19

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MDPI and ACS Style

Barre, A.; Van Damme, E.J.M.; Simplicien, M.; Le Poder, S.; Klonjkowski, B.; Benoist, H.; Peyrade, D.; Rougé, P. Man-Specific Lectins from Plants, Fungi, Algae and Cyanobacteria, as Potential Blockers for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Coronaviruses: Biomedical Perspectives. Cells 2021, 10, 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10071619

AMA Style

Barre A, Van Damme EJM, Simplicien M, Le Poder S, Klonjkowski B, Benoist H, Peyrade D, Rougé P. Man-Specific Lectins from Plants, Fungi, Algae and Cyanobacteria, as Potential Blockers for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Coronaviruses: Biomedical Perspectives. Cells. 2021; 10(7):1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10071619

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barre, Annick, Els J. M. Van Damme, Mathias Simplicien, Sophie Le Poder, Bernard Klonjkowski, Hervé Benoist, David Peyrade, and Pierre Rougé. 2021. "Man-Specific Lectins from Plants, Fungi, Algae and Cyanobacteria, as Potential Blockers for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Coronaviruses: Biomedical Perspectives" Cells 10, no. 7: 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10071619

APA Style

Barre, A., Van Damme, E. J. M., Simplicien, M., Le Poder, S., Klonjkowski, B., Benoist, H., Peyrade, D., & Rougé, P. (2021). Man-Specific Lectins from Plants, Fungi, Algae and Cyanobacteria, as Potential Blockers for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Coronaviruses: Biomedical Perspectives. Cells, 10(7), 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10071619

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