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Cells
Volume 10
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10.3390/cells10051029
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Article

Transmembrane and Tetratricopeptide Repeat Containing 4 Is a Novel Diagnostic Marker for Prostate Cancer with High Specificity and Sensitivity

by
Rania Makboul
1,
Islam F. Abdelkawi
2,
Dalia M. Badary
1,
Mahmoud R. A. Hussein
1,
Johng S. Rhim
3,
Eman A. Toraih
4,
Mourad Zerfaoui
4 and
Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed
5,*
1
Department of Pathology and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71111, Egypt
2
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71111, Egypt
3
Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
4
Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
5
Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71203, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2021, 10(5), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10051029
Submission received: 25 March 2021 / Revised: 22 April 2021 / Accepted: 23 April 2021 / Published: 27 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Cells—Advances in Cellular Pathology)
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Abstract

The histopathologic diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) from biopsies is a current challenge if double or triple staining is needed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for development of a new reliable biomarker to diagnose PCa patients. We aimed to explore and compare the expression of TMTC4 in PCa cells and tissue specimens and evaluate its sensitivity and specificity. The expression of TMTC4 in PCa and normal prostate epithelial cells was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of TMTC4 was performed on tissues collected from PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Our results show a high expression of TMTC4 on mRNA and protein levels in PCa versus BPH1 and normal cells (p < 0.05). IHC results show strong cytoplasmic expressions in PCa cases (p < 0.001) as compared to BPH cases. The overall accuracy as measured by the AUC was 1.0 (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the protein were 100% and 96.6%, respectively. Taken together, we report a high TMTC4 expression in PCa cells and tissues and its ability to differentiate between PCa and BPH with high sensitivity and specificity. This finding can be carried over to clinical practice after its confirmation by further studies.
Keywords: prostatic cancer; TMTC4; immunohistochemical staining; biomarker; sensitivity and specificity prostatic cancer; TMTC4; immunohistochemical staining; biomarker; sensitivity and specificity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Makboul, R.; Abdelkawi, I.F.; Badary, D.M.; Hussein, M.R.A.; Rhim, J.S.; Toraih, E.A.; Zerfaoui, M.; Abd Elmageed, Z.Y. Transmembrane and Tetratricopeptide Repeat Containing 4 Is a Novel Diagnostic Marker for Prostate Cancer with High Specificity and Sensitivity. Cells 2021, 10, 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10051029

AMA Style

Makboul R, Abdelkawi IF, Badary DM, Hussein MRA, Rhim JS, Toraih EA, Zerfaoui M, Abd Elmageed ZY. Transmembrane and Tetratricopeptide Repeat Containing 4 Is a Novel Diagnostic Marker for Prostate Cancer with High Specificity and Sensitivity. Cells. 2021; 10(5):1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10051029

Chicago/Turabian Style

Makboul, Rania, Islam F. Abdelkawi, Dalia M. Badary, Mahmoud R. A. Hussein, Johng S. Rhim, Eman A. Toraih, Mourad Zerfaoui, and Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed. 2021. "Transmembrane and Tetratricopeptide Repeat Containing 4 Is a Novel Diagnostic Marker for Prostate Cancer with High Specificity and Sensitivity" Cells 10, no. 5: 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10051029

APA Style

Makboul, R., Abdelkawi, I. F., Badary, D. M., Hussein, M. R. A., Rhim, J. S., Toraih, E. A., Zerfaoui, M., & Abd Elmageed, Z. Y. (2021). Transmembrane and Tetratricopeptide Repeat Containing 4 Is a Novel Diagnostic Marker for Prostate Cancer with High Specificity and Sensitivity. Cells, 10(5), 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10051029

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