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Volume 16
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10.3390/mi16070727
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Article

High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nm

by
Alejandro Reyes-Mora
1,
Manuel Durán-Sánchez
1,
Edwin Addiel Espinosa-De-La-Cruz
1,
Ulises Alcántara-Bautista
1,
Adalid Ibarra-Garrido
1,
Ivan Armas-Rivera
1,
Luis Alberto Rodríguez-Morales
2,
Miguel Bello-Jiménez
3 and
Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla
1,*
1
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro, Sta. María Tonantzintla, Puebla 72824, Mexico
2
Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Loma de Bosque 115, Col. Lomas del Campestre, León 37115, Mexico
3
Instituto de Investigación en Comunicación Óptica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Karakorum, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2025, 16(7), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16070727
Submission received: 15 May 2025 / Revised: 17 June 2025 / Accepted: 19 June 2025 / Published: 21 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Collection Microdevices and Applications Based on Advanced Glassy Materials)
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Abstract

In this work, we report the formation of multiple mode-locking states in an Erbium/Ytterbium co-doped fiber laser, such as domain-wall (DW) dark pulses, high-order dark harmonic pulses, dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) pulses, and dual-wavelength h-shaped pulses. By increasing the pump power and adjusting the quarter-wave retarder (QWR) plates, we experimentally achieve 310th-order harmonic dark pulses. DSR pulses emerge at a pump power of 1.01 W and remain stable up to 9.07 W, reaching a maximum pulse width of 676 ns and a pulse energy of 1.608 µJ, while Dual-wavelength h-shaped pulses have a threshold of 1.42 W and maintain stability up to 9.07 W. Using a monochromator, we confirm that these h-shaped pulses result from the superposition of a soliton-like pulse and a DSR-like pulse, emitting at different wavelengths but locked in time. The fundamental repetition rate for dark pulsing, DSR, and h-shaped pulses is 321.34 kHz. This study provides new insights into complex pulse dynamics in fiber lasers and demonstrates the versatile emission regimes achievable through precise pump and polarization control.
Keywords: high-order dark pulse; DSR pulse; h-shaped pulse; dual-wavelength; mode-locked fiber laser high-order dark pulse; DSR pulse; h-shaped pulse; dual-wavelength; mode-locked fiber laser

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Reyes-Mora, A.; Durán-Sánchez, M.; Espinosa-De-La-Cruz, E.A.; Alcántara-Bautista, U.; Ibarra-Garrido, A.; Armas-Rivera, I.; Rodríguez-Morales, L.A.; Bello-Jiménez, M.; Ibarra-Escamilla, B. High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nm. Micromachines 2025, 16, 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16070727

AMA Style

Reyes-Mora A, Durán-Sánchez M, Espinosa-De-La-Cruz EA, Alcántara-Bautista U, Ibarra-Garrido A, Armas-Rivera I, Rodríguez-Morales LA, Bello-Jiménez M, Ibarra-Escamilla B. High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nm. Micromachines. 2025; 16(7):727. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16070727

Chicago/Turabian Style

Reyes-Mora, Alejandro, Manuel Durán-Sánchez, Edwin Addiel Espinosa-De-La-Cruz, Ulises Alcántara-Bautista, Adalid Ibarra-Garrido, Ivan Armas-Rivera, Luis Alberto Rodríguez-Morales, Miguel Bello-Jiménez, and Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla. 2025. "High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nm" Micromachines 16, no. 7: 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16070727

APA Style

Reyes-Mora, A., Durán-Sánchez, M., Espinosa-De-La-Cruz, E. A., Alcántara-Bautista, U., Ibarra-Garrido, A., Armas-Rivera, I., Rodríguez-Morales, L. A., Bello-Jiménez, M., & Ibarra-Escamilla, B. (2025). High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nm. Micromachines, 16(7), 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16070727

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