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Volume 16
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10.3390/nu16223940
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Article

Contributions of Fat and Fatty Acids Intake to the Latin American Diet: Results of ELANS Study

by
Lilia Yadira Cortés Sanabria
1,*,
Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
2,3,4,
Martha Cecilia Yépez García
5,
Pablo Hernández
6,
Guillermo Ramírez
7,
Maura Vásquez
7,
Yaritza Sifontes
3,6,
María Reyna Liria-Domínguez
8,
Attilio Rigotti
9,
Mauro Fisberg
10,11,
Agatha Nogueira Previdelli
12,
Irina Kovalskys
13,
Maritza Landaeta-Jiménez
3 and
Georgina Gómez
14
1
Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
2
Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV), Caracas 1053, Venezuela
3
Fundación Bengoa, Caracas 1053, Venezuela
4
Department of Nutrition and Health, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
5
Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
6
Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1053, Venezuela
7
Área de Postgrado en Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1053, Venezuela
8
Department of Nutrition and Health, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, La Molina 15026, Peru
9
Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago 8330024, Chile
10
Centro de Excelencia em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentaes (CENDA), Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo 01228-200, Brazil
11
Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-061, Brazil
12
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia 7500912, Chile
13
Carrera de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina
14
Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
 
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3940; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223940
Submission received: 26 October 2024 / Revised: 7 November 2024 / Accepted: 13 November 2024 / Published: 19 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipids and Lifestyle Diseases)
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Fats, although essential for the proper functioning of the body, have been linked to an increased risk of developing chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intake of total fat and its components (saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats) in men and women aged 15 to 65 years of the urban population in eight Latin American countries. Methods: Survey data were collected from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS, by its acronym in Spanish), an epidemiological study, including 9218 subjects from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Results: In general, 76.2% of the subjects consumed fat within normal ranges (20–35% of the total caloric value (TCV)). When analyzing its components, a majority of the subjects consumed saturated and polyunsaturated fats within the recommended ranges. However, 94.5% of the population does not comply with the recommended maximum intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (10–20%), and only 57.5% comply with the intake recommendation for trans fatty acids (TRANS) (0–2%). Likewise, on average, women had a significantly higher intake of all types of fat compared to men. Finally, the average fat intake by age indicates that regardless of the age range, the consumption of all fats except MUFA and TRANS are within the recommended ranges, with MUFA being slightly below and TRANS above. Conclusions: Even though the fat intake of the population falls within the recommended range, it is necessary to improve the quality by favoring the consumption of MUFA-rich foods regionally accepted, such as avocados, and reducing the consumption of TRANS.
Keywords: dietary fats; dietary intake; saturated fatty acids; monounsaturated fatty acids; polyunsaturated fatty acids; trans fatty acids; diet; Latin America; ELANS dietary fats; dietary intake; saturated fatty acids; monounsaturated fatty acids; polyunsaturated fatty acids; trans fatty acids; diet; Latin America; ELANS
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MDPI and ACS Style

Cortés Sanabria, L.Y.; Herrera-Cuenca, M.; Yépez García, M.C.; Hernández, P.; Ramírez, G.; Vásquez, M.; Sifontes, Y.; Liria-Domínguez, M.R.; Rigotti, A.; Fisberg, M.; et al. Contributions of Fat and Fatty Acids Intake to the Latin American Diet: Results of ELANS Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 3940. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223940

AMA Style

Cortés Sanabria LY, Herrera-Cuenca M, Yépez García MC, Hernández P, Ramírez G, Vásquez M, Sifontes Y, Liria-Domínguez MR, Rigotti A, Fisberg M, et al. Contributions of Fat and Fatty Acids Intake to the Latin American Diet: Results of ELANS Study. Nutrients. 2024; 16(22):3940. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223940

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cortés Sanabria, Lilia Yadira, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Martha Cecilia Yépez García, Pablo Hernández, Guillermo Ramírez, Maura Vásquez, Yaritza Sifontes, María Reyna Liria-Domínguez, Attilio Rigotti, Mauro Fisberg, and et al. 2024. "Contributions of Fat and Fatty Acids Intake to the Latin American Diet: Results of ELANS Study" Nutrients 16, no. 22: 3940. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223940

APA Style

Cortés Sanabria, L. Y., Herrera-Cuenca, M., Yépez García, M. C., Hernández, P., Ramírez, G., Vásquez, M., Sifontes, Y., Liria-Domínguez, M. R., Rigotti, A., Fisberg, M., Previdelli, A. N., Kovalskys, I., Landaeta-Jiménez, M., & Gómez, G. (2024). Contributions of Fat and Fatty Acids Intake to the Latin American Diet: Results of ELANS Study. Nutrients, 16(22), 3940. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223940

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