Influence of Vitamin D on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Hormonal Balance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participation in the Study
- women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (80 patients)—PCOS group.
- women menstruating regularly, without features of androgenization, in whom polycystic ovary syndrome was excluded (40 patients).
2.2. Research Methodology
2.2.1. Anthropometric Measurements and Gynaecological Examination
2.2.2. Laboratory Tests
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Group
3.2. Comparison of Anthropometric Results in the Female Subjects
3.3. Comparison of Concentrations of Selected Hormones in the Women Studied
3.4. Vitamin D 25(OH)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n | % | p | |
---|---|---|---|
PCOS | 21 | 26.3 | 0.015 |
Control | 3 | 7.5 |
Group | Median | Q1 | Q3 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Waist circumference (cm) | ||||
PCOS | 85.50 | 71.50 | 100.50 | 0.001 |
Control | 72.00 | 68.00 | 81.50 | |
WHR | ||||
PCOS | 0.82 | 0.73 | 0.89 | 0.001 |
Control | 0.74 | 0.70 | 0.81 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
PCOS | 26.05 | 17.70 | 42.00 | 0.000 |
Control | 22.65 | 18.80 | 41.20 | |
Systolic pressure (mmHg) | ||||
PCOS | 125.50 | 119.00 | 133.50 | 0.001 |
Control | 119.00 | 110.00 | 125.50 | |
Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | ||||
PCOS | 81.00 | 72.00 | 86.00 | 0.044 |
Control | 76.00 | 72.00 | 81.50 |
PCOS | Control | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Waist circumference | n | % | n | % | p |
<80 cm | 30 | 37.5 | 29 | 72.5 | 0.000 |
>80 cm | 50 | 62.5 | 11 | 27.5 | |
BMI | |||||
<18.5 kg/m2 | 1 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.011 |
18.5–24.99 kg/m2 | 34 | 42.5 | 31 | 77.5 | |
25.0–29.99 kg/m2 | 21 | 26.3 | 6 | 15.0 | |
30.0–34.99 kg/m2 | 15 | 18.8 | 1 | 2.5 | |
35.0–39.99 kg/m2 | 7 | 8.8 | 1 | 2.5 | |
>40.0 kg/m2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1 | 2.5 | |
Blood pressure | |||||
<130/85 mmHg | 41 | 51.3 | 32 | 80.0 | 0.002 |
≥130/85 mmHg | 39 | 48.8 | 8 | 20.0 |
Group | Median | Q1 | Q3 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TSH (mU/mL) | PCOS | 1.69 | 1.18 | 2.28 | 0.413 |
Control | 1.59 | 1.17 | 2.05 | ||
FT4 (ng/dL) | PCOS | 1.19 | 1.02 | 1.31 | 0.228 |
Control | 1.22 | 1.03 | 1.34 | ||
PRL (ng/mL) | PCOS | 10.60 | 7.66 | 16.61 | 0.978 |
Control | 10.85 | 8.21 | 16.55 | ||
FSH (mU/mL) | PCOS | 5.96 | 4.58 | 6.80 | 0.399 |
Control | 5.49 | 4.48 | 6.54 | ||
LH (mU/mL) | PCOS | 8.56 | 6.07 | 13.01 | 0.000 |
Control | 6.09 | 4.40 | 8.22 | ||
E2 (ng/mL) | PCOS | 40.95 | 30.33 | 51.90 | 0.709 |
Control | 41.55 | 27.75 | 65.37 | ||
T (ng/mL) | PCOS | 0.43 | 0.32 | 0.66 | 0.000 |
Control | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.43 | ||
DHEAS04 (μg/dL) | PCOS | 253.00 | 199.50 | 358.00 | 0.184 |
Control | 244.50 | 185.00 | 298.40 | ||
17(OH)P (ng/mL) | PCOS | 1.10 | 0.91 | 1.51 | 0.001 |
Control | 0.91 | 0.73 | 1.09 | ||
SHBG (nmol/L) | PCOS | 38.56 | 28.20 | 68.90 | 0.000 |
Control | 70.95 | 52.70 | 107.60 | ||
Androstendione (ng/mL) | PCOS | 2.99 | 2.21 | 3.95 | 0.000 |
Control | 2.19 | 1.96 | 2.39 | ||
FAI | PCOS | 4.34 | 2.03 | 6.57 | 0.000 |
Control | 1.85 | 0.75 | 2.32 |
PCOS | Control | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TSH | n | % | n | % | p |
<0.51 mU/mL | 1 | 1.3 | 2 | 5.0 | 0.285 |
0.51–4.3 mU/mL | 77 | 96.3 | 38 | 95.0 | |
>4.3 mU/mL | 2 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | |
FT4 | n | % | n | % | |
<0.93 ng/dL | 12 | 15.0 | 3 | 7.5 | 0.411 |
0.93–1.7 ng/dL | 66 | 82.5 | 35 | 87.5 | |
>1.7 ng/dL | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 5.0 | |
PRL | n | % | n | % | |
<4.79 ng/mL | 3 | 3.8 | 3 | 7.5 | 0.247 |
4.79–23.3 ng/mL | 69 | 86.3 | 36 | 90.0 | |
>23.3 ng/mL | 8 | 10.0 | 1 | 2.5 | |
FSH | n | % | n | % | |
<3.5 mU/mL | 6 | 7.5 | 5 | 12.5 | 0.371 |
3.5–12.5 mU/mL | 74 | 92.5 | 35 | 87.5 | |
LH | n | % | n | % | |
<2.4 mU/mL | 4 | 5.0 | 6 | 15.0 | 0.002 |
2.4–12.6 mU/mL | 55 | 68.8 | 33 | 82.5 | |
>12.6 mU/mL | 21 | 26.3 | 1 | 2.5 | |
E2 | n | % | n | % | |
<12.5 ng/mL | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 7.5 | 0.375 |
12.5–166 ng/mL | 77 | 96.3 | 36 | 90.0 | |
>166 ng/mL | 1 | 1.3 | 1 | 2.5 | |
T | n | % | n | % | |
<0.06 ng/dL | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.5 | 0.034 |
0.06–0.82 ng/dL | 71 | 88.8 | 39 | 97.5 | |
>0.82 ng/dL | 9 | 11.3 | 0 | 0 | |
DHEA SO4 | n | % | n | % | |
Below normal (for age) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.5 | 0.011 |
Standard (for age) | 67 | 83.8 | 39 | 97.5 | |
Above standard (for age) | 13 | 16.3 | 0 | 0 | |
17(OH)P | n | % | n | % | |
0.1–1.4 ng/mL | 56 | 70.0 | 36 | 90.0 | 0.014 |
>1.4 ng/mL | 24 | 30.0 | 4 | 10.0 | |
SHGB | n | % | n | % | |
<32.4 nmol/mL | 30 | 37.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.000 |
32.4–128 nmol/mL | 46 | 57.5 | 34 | 85.0 | |
>128 nmol/mL | 4 | 5.0 | 6 | 15.0 | |
Androstendione | n | % | n | % | |
0.4–3.4 ng/mL | 54 | 67.5 | 40 | 100 | 0.000 |
>3.4 ng/mL | 26 | 32.5 | 0 | 0 |
Vitamin D 25(OH) (ng/mL) | Group | Median | Q1 | Q3 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCOS | 22.50 | 11.95 | 28.95 | 0.238 | |
Control | 23.45 | 16.30 | 29.15 |
PCOS | Control | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin D 25(OH) | % | n | % | n | 0.563 |
<20 ng/mL | 42.5 | 34 | 35 | 14 | |
20–30 ng/mL | 35 | 28 | 45 | 18 | |
30–50 ng/mL | 22.5 | 18 | 20 | 8 |
PCOS | Control | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | R Spearmana | p | R Spearmana | p |
Metabolic syndrome | −0.30 | 0.008 | −0.24 | 0.138 |
TSH (mU/mL) | −0.02 | 0.871 | 0.00 | 0.992 |
FT4 [(ng/dL) | 0.02 | 0.876 | 0.04 | 0.806 |
PRL (ng/mL) | −0.21 | 0.058 | −0.04 | 0.815 |
FSH (mU/mL) | 0.03 | 0.761 | −0.02 | 0.913 |
LH (mU/mL) | 0.03 | 0.780 | −0.07 | 0.686 |
E2 (ng/mL) | −0.05 | 0.688 | −0.15 | 0.350 |
T (ng/mL) | −0.08 | 0.479 | −0.03 | 0.849 |
DHEAS04 | 0.01 | 0.915 | 0.08 | 0.602 |
17(OH)P (ng/mL) | −0.04 | 0.706 | 0.07 | 0.657 |
SHBG (nmol/L) | 0.36 | 0.001 | −0.25 | 0.115 |
Androstendione (ng/mL) | −0.11 | 0.332 | 0.04 | 0.826 |
FAI | −0.29 | 0.008 | 0.05 | 0.740 |
Waist circumference | −0.27 | 0.014 | −0.26 | 0.108 |
WHR | −0.23 | 0.042 | −0.21 | 0.198 |
BMI | −0.27 | 0.014 | −0.17 | 0.291 |
Systolic pressure (mmHg) | −0.30 | 0.006 | −0.09 | 0.592 |
Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | −0.27 | 0.015 | −0.28 | 0.079 |
Parameter | Evaluation | OR | −95% CI | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin D | −0.078 | 0.93 | 0.88 | 0.98 | 0.005 |
Parameter | Sensitivity | Specificity | AUC | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin D | 0.522 | 0.825 | 0.706 | 0.001 |
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Lejman-Larysz, K.; Golara, A.; Baranowska, M.; Kozłowski, M.; Guzik, P.; Szydłowska, I.; Nawrocka-Rutkowska, J.; Sowińska-Przepiera, E.; Cymbaluk-Płoska, A.; Brodowska, A. Influence of Vitamin D on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Hormonal Balance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2952. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132952
Lejman-Larysz K, Golara A, Baranowska M, Kozłowski M, Guzik P, Szydłowska I, Nawrocka-Rutkowska J, Sowińska-Przepiera E, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Brodowska A. Influence of Vitamin D on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Hormonal Balance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients. 2023; 15(13):2952. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132952
Chicago/Turabian StyleLejman-Larysz, Katarzyna, Anna Golara, Marta Baranowska, Mateusz Kozłowski, Paweł Guzik, Iwona Szydłowska, Jolanta Nawrocka-Rutkowska, Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera, Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska, and Agnieszka Brodowska. 2023. "Influence of Vitamin D on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Hormonal Balance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome" Nutrients 15, no. 13: 2952. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132952