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Volume 15
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Article

Does Iodine Intake Modify the Effect of Maternal Dysglycemia on Birth Weight in Mild-to-Moderate Iodine-Deficient Populations? A Mother–Newborn Prospective Cohort Study

by
Yaniv S. Ovadia
1,2,*,
Dov Gefel
3,
Yoel Toledano
4,
Shani R. Rosen
3,5,
Yael Avrahami-Benyounes
6,
Ludmila Groisman
7,
Efrat Rorman
7,
Lihi Hen
1,
Shlomo Fytlovich
8,
Liora S. Katz
9,
Eyal Y. Anteby
1,10 and
Simon Shenhav
1,10
1
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel
2
Foreign Studies Department, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100001, Israel
3
School of Nutritional Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100001, Israel
4
Endocrinology Clinic, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Helen Schneider Women’s Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
5
Center for Healthcare Technology and Innovation Policy Research, Gertner Institute of Epidemiology & Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
6
Women’s Health Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Southern Region, Beersheba 8489312, Israel
7
National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv 6108401, Israel
8
Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel
9
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
10
Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beersheba 8410501, Israel
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2914; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132914
Submission received: 11 May 2023 / Revised: 16 June 2023 / Accepted: 19 June 2023 / Published: 27 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional and Metabolic Factors in Pregnancy Complications)
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Abstract

It is unclear how maternal glycemic status and maternal iodine status influence birth weight among individuals with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency (ID). We studied the association between birth weight and both maternal glucose levels and iodine intake among pregnant women with mild-to-moderate ID. Glucose values were assessed using a glucose challenge test (GCT) and non-fasting glucose levels that were determined before delivery; individuals’ iodine statuses were assessed using an iodine food frequency questionnaire; and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) were used to assess each group’s iodine status. Thyroid antibodies and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured. Obstetric and anthropometric data were also collected. Large-for-gestational age (LGA) status was predicted using a Cox proportional hazards model with multiple confounders. Tg > 13 g/L was independently associated with LGA (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.4–10.2, p = 0.001). Estimated iodine intake correlated with FT4 among participants who reported consuming iodine-containing supplements (ICS) after adjusting for confounders (β = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.0002–0.0008, p = 0.001). Newborn weight percentiles were inversely correlated with maternal FT4 values (β = −0.2 95% CI:−0.08–−56.49, p = 0.049). We conclude that in mild-to-moderate ID regions, insufficient maternal iodine status may increase LGA risk. Iodine status and ICS intake may modify the effect that maternal dysglycemia has on offspring weight.
Keywords: iodine deficiency; glucose challenge test; large for gestational age; thyroglobulin; iodine-containing supplements; maternal dysglycemia iodine deficiency; glucose challenge test; large for gestational age; thyroglobulin; iodine-containing supplements; maternal dysglycemia
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MDPI and ACS Style

Ovadia, Y.S.; Gefel, D.; Toledano, Y.; Rosen, S.R.; Avrahami-Benyounes, Y.; Groisman, L.; Rorman, E.; Hen, L.; Fytlovich, S.; Katz, L.S.; et al. Does Iodine Intake Modify the Effect of Maternal Dysglycemia on Birth Weight in Mild-to-Moderate Iodine-Deficient Populations? A Mother–Newborn Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2914. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132914

AMA Style

Ovadia YS, Gefel D, Toledano Y, Rosen SR, Avrahami-Benyounes Y, Groisman L, Rorman E, Hen L, Fytlovich S, Katz LS, et al. Does Iodine Intake Modify the Effect of Maternal Dysglycemia on Birth Weight in Mild-to-Moderate Iodine-Deficient Populations? A Mother–Newborn Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2023; 15(13):2914. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132914

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ovadia, Yaniv S., Dov Gefel, Yoel Toledano, Shani R. Rosen, Yael Avrahami-Benyounes, Ludmila Groisman, Efrat Rorman, Lihi Hen, Shlomo Fytlovich, Liora S. Katz, and et al. 2023. "Does Iodine Intake Modify the Effect of Maternal Dysglycemia on Birth Weight in Mild-to-Moderate Iodine-Deficient Populations? A Mother–Newborn Prospective Cohort Study" Nutrients 15, no. 13: 2914. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132914

APA Style

Ovadia, Y. S., Gefel, D., Toledano, Y., Rosen, S. R., Avrahami-Benyounes, Y., Groisman, L., Rorman, E., Hen, L., Fytlovich, S., Katz, L. S., Anteby, E. Y., & Shenhav, S. (2023). Does Iodine Intake Modify the Effect of Maternal Dysglycemia on Birth Weight in Mild-to-Moderate Iodine-Deficient Populations? A Mother–Newborn Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients, 15(13), 2914. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132914

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