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Review

A Time to Rest, a Time to Dine: Sleep, Time-Restricted Eating, and Cardiometabolic Health

1
Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia
2
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
3
Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, UniSA Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5072, Australia
4
Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Brisbane 4000, Australia
5
School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030420
Submission received: 21 December 2021 / Revised: 14 January 2022 / Accepted: 16 January 2022 / Published: 18 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Circadian Disruption and Cardiometabolic Health)

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a serious health and economic burden worldwide. Modifiable lifestyle factors are a focus of research into reducing the burden of CVD, with diet as one of the most investigated factors. Specifically, the timing and regularity of food intake is an emerging research area, with approaches such as time-restricted eating (TRE) receiving much attention. TRE involves shortening the time available to eat across the day and is associated with improved CVD outcomes compared with longer eating windows. However, studies that have examined TRE have not considered the impact of sleep on CVD outcomes despite recent evidence showing that sleep duration can influence the timing and amount of food eaten. In this article, we argue that as TRE and sleep influence each other, and influence the same cardiometabolic parameters, experiencing inadequate sleep may attenuate any positive impact TRE has on CVD. We examine the relationship between TRE and CVD, with sleep as a potential mediator in this relationship, and propose a research agenda to investigate this relationship. This will provide necessary evidence to inform future interventions aimed at reducing the burden of CVD.
Keywords: chrono-nutrition; meal timing; eating habits; metabolic health; cardiovascular; sleep timing; circadian disruption; night shift chrono-nutrition; meal timing; eating habits; metabolic health; cardiovascular; sleep timing; circadian disruption; night shift

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gupta, C.C.; Vincent, G.E.; Coates, A.M.; Khalesi, S.; Irwin, C.; Dorrian, J.; Ferguson, S.A. A Time to Rest, a Time to Dine: Sleep, Time-Restricted Eating, and Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients 2022, 14, 420. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030420

AMA Style

Gupta CC, Vincent GE, Coates AM, Khalesi S, Irwin C, Dorrian J, Ferguson SA. A Time to Rest, a Time to Dine: Sleep, Time-Restricted Eating, and Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients. 2022; 14(3):420. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030420

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gupta, Charlotte C., Grace E. Vincent, Alison M. Coates, Saman Khalesi, Christopher Irwin, Jillian Dorrian, and Sally A. Ferguson. 2022. "A Time to Rest, a Time to Dine: Sleep, Time-Restricted Eating, and Cardiometabolic Health" Nutrients 14, no. 3: 420. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030420

APA Style

Gupta, C. C., Vincent, G. E., Coates, A. M., Khalesi, S., Irwin, C., Dorrian, J., & Ferguson, S. A. (2022). A Time to Rest, a Time to Dine: Sleep, Time-Restricted Eating, and Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients, 14(3), 420. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030420

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