Metabologenomic Approach Reveals Intestinal Environmental Features Associated with Barley-Induced Glucose Tolerance Improvements in Japanese: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Approval
2.2. Trial Design and Recruitment
2.3. Trial Intervention: Randomization and Blinding
2.4. DNA Extraction and 16S rRNA Gene-Based Microbiome Analysis
2.5. Metabolite Extraction and CE-TOFMS-Based Metabolome Analysis
2.6. Bioinformatics and Statistical Analysis
2.7. Defining Responders with Specific Response
3. Results
3.1. The Effect of Barley Intake on Primary and Secondary Outcomes
3.2. Effect of Barley Intake on Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome Profiles
3.3. Characteristics of Barley Responders with Glucose Tolerance Improvement
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C2 vs. T2 | C3 vs. T3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Effect Size (95% CI) *1 | p-Value *2 | Effect Size (95% CI) *1 | p-Value *2 | |
Blood glucose AUC (0–120 min) | −0.019 (−0.461 to 0.424) | 0.934 | 0.268 (−0.180 to 0.723) | 0.238 |
Insulin AUC (0–120 min) | 0.018 (−0.425 to 0.460) | 0.937 | −0.123 (−0.569 to 0.320) | 0.582 |
Blood glucose iAUC (0–120 min) | −0.099 (−0.544 to 0.343) | 0.657 | 0.258 (−0.189 to 0.712) | 0.256 |
Insulin iAUC (0–120 min) | 0.018 (−0.425 to 0.460) | 0.937 | −0.091 (−0.536 to 0.351) | 0.682 |
Fasting blood glucose | 0.241 (−0.205 to 0.694) | 0.287 | 0.021 (−0.421 to 0.464) | 0.924 |
Fasting blood insulin | 0.009 (−0.434 to 0.451) | 0.968 | −0.277 (−0.733 to 0.171) | 0.223 |
Stool frequency | 0.122 (−0.321 to 0.568) | 0.585 | 0.267 (−0.181 to 0.722) | 0.240 |
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Goto, Y.; Nishimoto, Y.; Murakami, S.; Nomaguchi, T.; Mori, Y.; Ito, M.; Nakaguro, R.; Kudo, T.; Matsuoka, T.; Yamada, T.; et al. Metabologenomic Approach Reveals Intestinal Environmental Features Associated with Barley-Induced Glucose Tolerance Improvements in Japanese: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3468. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173468
Goto Y, Nishimoto Y, Murakami S, Nomaguchi T, Mori Y, Ito M, Nakaguro R, Kudo T, Matsuoka T, Yamada T, et al. Metabologenomic Approach Reveals Intestinal Environmental Features Associated with Barley-Induced Glucose Tolerance Improvements in Japanese: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2022; 14(17):3468. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173468
Chicago/Turabian StyleGoto, Yuka, Yuichiro Nishimoto, Shinnosuke Murakami, Tatsuhiro Nomaguchi, Yuka Mori, Masaki Ito, Ryohei Nakaguro, Toru Kudo, Tsubasa Matsuoka, Takuji Yamada, and et al. 2022. "Metabologenomic Approach Reveals Intestinal Environmental Features Associated with Barley-Induced Glucose Tolerance Improvements in Japanese: A Randomized Controlled Trial" Nutrients 14, no. 17: 3468. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173468