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Review

Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

1
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
2
Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
3
Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
4
GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2020, 12(9), 2607; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092607
Received: 29 July 2020 / Revised: 21 August 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 / Published: 27 August 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Physical Activity and Diet in Human Health during Aging)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of resistance training (RT) and protein supplementation (PS), compared to RT alone or combined with a placebo (plS), in the improvement of muscle strength and physical performance. The search strategy in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Sciences databases found a total of 294 studies. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 16 studies were included for the qualitative analysis. A total of 657 healthy elderly (>60 years) participants were analysed. Finally, 15 articles were included in the quantitative analysis with one being excluded due to issues with data availability. Upper-limb, lower-limb, and handgrip strength were the primary outcomes of the meta-analysis. The secondary outcomes, related to physical performance, were Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed, and the five-chair-rise test (5CRT). The main results of the meta-analysis show no statistical differences for upper-limb (SMD: 0.56, 95% CI: −0.09, 1.21, p = 0.09, I2 = 68%), lower-limb (SMD: 0.00, 95% CI: −0.18, 0.18, p = 1.0, I2 = 11%), and handgrip strength (SMD: 0.03, 95% CI: −0.26, 0.32, p = 0.84, I2 = 0%) between the RT + PS and the RT alone (or combined with plS). Moreover, no statistical differences were found relating to physical performance. In view of these results, protein supplementation combined with RT does not provide additional benefits compared to RT alone or with plS in healthy elderly adults. View Full-Text
Keywords: elderly; resistance training; protein supplementation; muscle strength; physical performance elderly; resistance training; protein supplementation; muscle strength; physical performance
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MDPI and ACS Style

Labata-Lezaun, N.; Llurda-Almuzara, L.; López-de-Celis, C.; Rodríguez-Sanz, J.; González-Rueda, V.; Hidalgo-García, C.; Muniz-Pardos, B.; Pérez-Bellmunt, A. Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092607

AMA Style

Labata-Lezaun N, Llurda-Almuzara L, López-de-Celis C, Rodríguez-Sanz J, González-Rueda V, Hidalgo-García C, Muniz-Pardos B, Pérez-Bellmunt A. Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020; 12(9):2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092607

Chicago/Turabian Style

Labata-Lezaun, Noé, Luis Llurda-Almuzara, Carlos López-de-Celis, Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz, Vanessa González-Rueda, César Hidalgo-García, Borja Muniz-Pardos, and Albert Pérez-Bellmunt. 2020. "Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Nutrients 12, no. 9: 2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092607

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