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Nutrients
Volume 12
Issue 8
10.3390/nu12082200
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Review

Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Implications for Lipid Metabolism, Immune System, and Obesity

by
Marta Farràs
1,2,*,
Laura Martinez-Gili
3,
Kevin Portune
4,
Sara Arranz
4,
Gary Frost
5,
Mireia Tondo
6,† and
Francisco Blanco-Vaca
2,6,7,†
1
Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
2
CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
3
Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
4
AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AstondoBidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
5
Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
6
Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Servei de Bioquímica-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
7
Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
This two authors contributed equally to this paper.
Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2200; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082200
Submission received: 20 June 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 / Published: 23 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Relations between Nutrition and Infectious Diseases at the Epoch of Microbiota)
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Abstract

There is extensive information of the beneficial effects of virgin olive oil (VOO), especially on cardiovascular diseases. Some VOO healthy properties have been attributed to their phenolic-compounds (PCs). The aim of this review is to present updated data on the effects of olive oil (OO) PCs on the gut microbiota, lipid metabolism, immune system, and obesity, as well as on the crosstalk among them. We summarize experiments and clinical trials which assessed the specific effects of the olive oil phenolic-compounds (OOPCs) without the synergy with OO-fats. Several studies have demonstrated that OOPC consumption increases Bacteroidetes and/or reduces the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which have both been related to atheroprotection. OOPCs also increase certain beneficial bacteria and gut-bacteria diversity which can be therapeutic for lipid-immune disorders and obesity. Furthermore, some of the mechanisms implicated in the crosstalk between OOPCs and these disorders include antimicrobial-activity, cholesterol microbial metabolism, and metabolites produced by bacteria. Specifically, OOPCs modulate short-chain fatty-acids produced by gut-microbiota, which can affect cholesterol metabolism and the immune system, and may play a role in weight gain through promoting satiety. Since data in humans are scarce, there is a necessity for more clinical trials designed to assess the specific role of the OOPCs in this crosstalk.
Keywords: gut microbiota; immune system; lipids; obesity; olive oil; phenolic compounds gut microbiota; immune system; lipids; obesity; olive oil; phenolic compounds

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MDPI and ACS Style

Farràs, M.; Martinez-Gili, L.; Portune, K.; Arranz, S.; Frost, G.; Tondo, M.; Blanco-Vaca, F. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Implications for Lipid Metabolism, Immune System, and Obesity. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2200. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082200

AMA Style

Farràs M, Martinez-Gili L, Portune K, Arranz S, Frost G, Tondo M, Blanco-Vaca F. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Implications for Lipid Metabolism, Immune System, and Obesity. Nutrients. 2020; 12(8):2200. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082200

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farràs, Marta, Laura Martinez-Gili, Kevin Portune, Sara Arranz, Gary Frost, Mireia Tondo, and Francisco Blanco-Vaca. 2020. "Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Implications for Lipid Metabolism, Immune System, and Obesity" Nutrients 12, no. 8: 2200. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082200

APA Style

Farràs, M., Martinez-Gili, L., Portune, K., Arranz, S., Frost, G., Tondo, M., & Blanco-Vaca, F. (2020). Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Implications for Lipid Metabolism, Immune System, and Obesity. Nutrients, 12(8), 2200. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082200

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