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Nutrients
Volume 11
Issue 12
10.3390/nu11122974
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Review

Dietary Bioactive Fatty Acids as Modulators of Immune Function: Implications on Human Health

by
Naren Gajenthra Kumar
1,
Daniel Contaifer
2,
Parthasarathy Madurantakam
3,
Salvatore Carbone
4,5,
Elvin T. Price
2,
Benjamin Van Tassell
2,
Donald F. Brophy
2 and
Dayanjan S. Wijesinghe
2,6,7,*
1
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
2
Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
3
Department of General Practice, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
4
Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
5
VCU Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
6
da Vinci Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
7
Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2019, 11(12), 2974; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122974
Received: 7 October 2019 / Revised: 5 November 2019 / Accepted: 20 November 2019 / Published: 5 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism in Inflammation and Immune Function)
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Abstract

Diet is major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease that can influence the immune status of the individual and contribute to persistent low-grade inflammation. In recent years, there has been an increased appreciation of the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in improving immune function and reduction of systemic inflammation via the modulation of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) on immune cells. Extensive research on the use of bioactive lipids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their metabolites have illustrated the importance of these pro-resolving lipid mediators in modulating signaling through PRRs. While their mechanism of action, bioavailability in the blood, and their efficacy for clinical use forms an active area of research, they are found widely administered as marine animal-based supplements like fish oil and krill oil to promote health. The focus of this review will be to discuss the effect of these bioactive fatty acids and their metabolites on immune cells and the resulting inflammatory response, with a brief discussion about modern methods for their analysis using mass spectrometry-based methods. View Full-Text
Keywords: EPA; DHA; FDA regulations; Immune function; toll like receptors; essential fatty acids; non-essential fatty acids; PPAR EPA; DHA; FDA regulations; Immune function; toll like receptors; essential fatty acids; non-essential fatty acids; PPAR
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MDPI and ACS Style

Kumar, N.G.; Contaifer, D.; Madurantakam, P.; Carbone, S.; Price, E.T.; Van Tassell, B.; Brophy, D.F.; Wijesinghe, D.S. Dietary Bioactive Fatty Acids as Modulators of Immune Function: Implications on Human Health. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2974. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122974

AMA Style

Kumar NG, Contaifer D, Madurantakam P, Carbone S, Price ET, Van Tassell B, Brophy DF, Wijesinghe DS. Dietary Bioactive Fatty Acids as Modulators of Immune Function: Implications on Human Health. Nutrients. 2019; 11(12):2974. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122974

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumar, Naren G., Daniel Contaifer, Parthasarathy Madurantakam, Salvatore Carbone, Elvin T. Price, Benjamin Van Tassell, Donald F. Brophy, and Dayanjan S. Wijesinghe. 2019. "Dietary Bioactive Fatty Acids as Modulators of Immune Function: Implications on Human Health" Nutrients 11, no. 12: 2974. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122974

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