The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil

Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain

CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28007 Madrid, Spain

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Instituto de investigación sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain

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Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain

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First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54621, Greece

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

Both authors contributed equally.

Nutrients 2019, 11(11), 2833; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112833

Received: 16 October 2019 / Revised: 10 November 2019 / Accepted: 13 November 2019 / Published: 19 November 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Diseases)

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Abstract

A growing interest has emerged in the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The Mediterranean diet, one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns in scientific literature, includes in its nutrients two fluid foods: olive oil, as the main source of fats, and a low-to-moderate consumption of wine, mainly red, particularly during meals. Current mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet include a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, improvement in lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as well as antithrombotic properties. Most of these effects are attributable to bioactive ingredients including polyphenols, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing phenol rings. The principal classes of red wine polyphenols include flavonols (quercetin and myricetin), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), anthocyanin and stilbenes (resveratrol). Olive oil has at least 30 phenolic compounds. Among them, the main are simple phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), secoroids and lignans. The present narrative review focuses on phenols, part of red wine and virgin olive oil, discussing the evidence of their effects on lipids, blood pressure, atheromatous plaque and glucose metabolism. View Full-Text

Keywords: mediterranean diet; cardiovascular disease; diabetes; polyphenols; wine; olive oil

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ditano-Vázquez, P.; Torres-Peña, J.D.; Galeano-Valle, F.; Pérez-Caballero, A.I.; Demelo-Rodríguez, P.; Lopez-Miranda, J.; Katsiki, N.; Delgado-Lista, J.; Alvarez-Sala-Walther, L.A. The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2833. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112833

AMA Style

Ditano-Vázquez P, Torres-Peña JD, Galeano-Valle F, Pérez-Caballero AI, Demelo-Rodríguez P, Lopez-Miranda J, Katsiki N, Delgado-Lista J, Alvarez-Sala-Walther LA. The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2833. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112833

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ditano-Vázquez, Paola, José D. Torres-Peña, Francisco Galeano-Valle, Ana I. Pérez-Caballero, Pablo Demelo-Rodríguez, José Lopez-Miranda, Niki Katsiki, Javier Delgado-Lista, and Luis A. Alvarez-Sala-Walther. 2019. "The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil" Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2833. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112833

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The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil

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