Poor Dietary Polyphenol Intake in Childhood Cancer Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Recruitment
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Patient Demographics
3.2. Polyphenol Intake
3.3. Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Determinants
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | N (%) | Mean (Range, SD) |
---|---|---|
Age at time of survey (nearest year) | 7.8 (2–16, 4.4) | |
Years since diagnosis | 5.9 | |
Age at diagnosis | ||
Gender | ||
Female | 24 (40.7%) | |
Male | 35 (59.3%) | |
Body mass index (BMI) z-score 1 | 17.4 (12.7–23.2) | |
Obese | 9 (15.8%) | |
Overweight | 4 (7%) | |
Healthy | 42 (73.7%) | |
Underweight | 2 (3.5%) | |
Socioeconomic status | ||
Low | 9 (15.2%) | |
Medium | 8 (13.6%) | |
High | 42 (71.2%) | |
Diagnosis | ||
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia | 33 (55.9%) | |
Acute myeloid leukaemia | 1 (1.7%) | |
Brain cancer (e.g., Medulloblastoma, Glioma) | 4 (6.8%) | |
Hodgkin’s lymphoma | 4 (6.8%) | |
Neuroblastoma | 2 (3.4%) | |
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (including Burkitt’s lymphoma) | 4 (6.8%) | |
Wilms’ tumour | 4 (6.8%) | |
Sarcoma of the bone (e.g., Osteosarcoma) | 2 (3.4%) | |
Soft tissue sarcoma | 1 (1.7%) | |
Other | 4 (6.8%) | |
Relapse 2 | ||
Yes | 7 (12.1%) | |
No | 51 (87.9%) | |
Treatment received | ||
Surgery | 13 (22%) | |
Chemotherapy | 54 (91.5%) | |
Radiotherapy | 10 (16.9%) | |
Bone marrow transplant/stem cell transplant | 5 (8.5%) | |
Other | 5 (8.5%) | |
Treatment Intensity | ||
1 | 2 (3.4%) | |
2 | 28 (47.5%) | |
3 | 20 (33.9%) | |
4 | 9 (15.3%) |
Polyphenol Classes | Mean ± SD (Mg/Day) | Median (Mg/Day) | Range (Mg/Day) |
---|---|---|---|
Flavonoids | 99.85 ± 116.42 | 51.87 | 0.00–541.72 |
Phenolic acids | 43.70 ± 36.94 | 31.49 | 1.64–150.45 |
Lignans | 13.33 ± 21.51 | 4.24 | 0.00–120.69 |
Stilbenes | 0.25 ± 0.75 | 0.00 | 0.00–3.53 |
Other | 15.09 ± 20.56 | 8.02 | 0.00–90.31 |
Total polyphenol intake 1 | 173.31 ± 141.02 | 114.29 | 3.42–665.54 |
Food Groups | Average Polyphenol Intake (Mg/Day) | Relative Contribution (%) | Top 3 Common Food Sources |
---|---|---|---|
Fruit | 44.74 | 26.63 | Apple, banana, strawberry |
Vegetable | 38.35 | 9.34 | Tomato, potatoes, cucumber |
Cereal | 22.39 | 16.24 | Whole meal bread, rice, bread (other) |
Oils | 3.97 | 4.64 | Olive oil (virgin, extra-virgin), vegetable oil |
Beverages | 50.49 | 17.98 | Orange juice, apple juice, lemon juice |
Nuts and seeds | 3.96 | 1.56 | Primarily found in muesli and seeded bread |
Seasoning | 3.04 | 1.38 | Garlic, soy sauce, basil |
Cocoa products | 5.13 | 2.23 | Cocoa, hot chocolate |
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Liu, A.; Cohen, J.; Vittorio, O. Poor Dietary Polyphenol Intake in Childhood Cancer Patients. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112835
Liu A, Cohen J, Vittorio O. Poor Dietary Polyphenol Intake in Childhood Cancer Patients. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112835
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Ashly, Jennifer Cohen, and Orazio Vittorio. 2019. "Poor Dietary Polyphenol Intake in Childhood Cancer Patients" Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112835