Seafood Consumption, Omega-3 Fatty Acids Intake, and Life-Time Prevalence of Depression in the PREDIMED-Plus Trial
by
Almudena Sánchez-Villegas 1,2,*, Jacqueline Álvarez-Pérez 1,2, Estefanía Toledo 2,3
, Jordi Salas-Salvadó 2,4,5,6, Carolina Ortega-Azorín 2,7, Maria Dolores Zomeño 8,9, Jesús Vioque 10,11, Jose Alfredo Martínez 2,13, Dora Romaguera 2,14, Jessica Pérez-López 15, José López-Miranda 2,16, Ramón Estruch 2,17, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas 10,18, Fernando Arós 2,19,20, Josep A. Tur 2,21, Francisco J. Tinahones 2,15,22, Oscar Lecea 2,3,23, Vicente Martín 10,24, M. Ortega-Calvo 2,25, Clotilde Vázquez 2,26, Xavier Pintó 2,27, Josep Vidal 28,29, Lidia Daimiel 13, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez 10,30, Pilar Matía 31, Dolores Corella 2,7, Andrés Díaz-López 2,4,5, Nancy Babio 2,4,5, Miguel Ángel Muñoz 33, Montserrat Fitó 2,32, Manoli García de la Hera 10,11, Itziar Abete 12, Antonio García-Rios 2,16, Emilio Ros 2,33, Miguel Ruíz-Canela 2,3, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González 2,3,34, Marisol Izquierdo 35 and Lluis Serra-Majem 1,2
Almudena Sánchez-Villegas 1,2,*, Jacqueline Álvarez-Pérez 1,2, Estefanía Toledo 2,3, Jordi Salas-Salvadó 2,4,5,6, Carolina Ortega-Azorín 2,7, Maria Dolores Zomeño 8,9, Jesús Vioque 10,11, Jose Alfredo Martínez 2,13, Dora Romaguera 2,14, Jessica Pérez-López 15, José López-Miranda 2,16, Ramón Estruch 2,17, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas 10,18, Fernando Arós 2,19,20, Josep A. Tur 2,21, Francisco J. Tinahones 2,15,22, Oscar Lecea 2,3,23, Vicente Martín 10,24, M. Ortega-Calvo 2,25, Clotilde Vázquez 2,26, Xavier Pintó 2,27, Josep Vidal 28,29, Lidia Daimiel 13, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez 10,30, Pilar Matía 31, Dolores Corella 2,7, Andrés Díaz-López 2,4,5, Nancy Babio 2,4,5, Miguel Ángel Muñoz 33, Montserrat Fitó 2,32, Manoli García de la Hera 10,11, Itziar Abete 12, Antonio García-Rios 2,16, Emilio Ros 2,33, Miguel Ruíz-Canela 2,3, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González 2,3,34, Marisol Izquierdo 35 and Lluis Serra-Majem 1,2
1
Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
2
Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
3
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
4
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
5
Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
6
Department of Internal Medicine. University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
7
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
8
Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
9
Blanquerna School of Life Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
10
Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEREsp), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
11
Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, 46020 Alicante, Spain
12
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
13
IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
14
Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
15
School of Health Sciences. University of Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain
16
Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba-IMIBIC, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
17
Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
18
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
19
Department of Cardiology OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, 01009 Vitoria, Spain
20
Department of Medicine, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
21
Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
22
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
23
Atención Primaria, Osasunbidea-Servicio Navarro de Salud, 31002 Pamplona, Spain
24
Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
25
Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atencion Primaria, Centro de Salud Las Palmeritas, 41005 Sevilla, Spain
26
Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
27
Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
28
Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas (CIBERDem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
29
Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
30
Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
31
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
32
Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
33
Primary Health Care Division. Institut Català de la Salut and IDIAPJgol, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
34
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
35
Ecoaqua Institute, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2018, 10(12), 2000; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10122000
Received: 29 September 2018 / Revised: 14 November 2018 / Accepted: 20 November 2018 / Published: 18 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish and Meat Consumption: Risks and Benefits)
Background: The aim of this analysis was to ascertain the type of relationship between fish and seafood consumption, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) intake, and depression prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Fish and seafood consumption and ω-3 PUFA intake were assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Self-reported life-time medical diagnosis of depression or use of antidepressants was considered as outcome. Depressive symptoms were collected by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between seafood products and ω-3 PUFA consumption and depression. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to assess the association between fish and long-chain (LC) ω-3 PUFA intake and depressive symptoms. Results: Out of 6587 participants, there were 1367 cases of depression. Total seafood consumption was not associated with depression. The odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quintiles of consumption of fatty fish were 0.77 (0.63–0.94), 0.71 (0.58–0.87), and 0.78 (0.64–0.96), respectively, and p for trend = 0.759. Moderate intake of total LC ω-3 PUFA (approximately 0.5–1 g/day) was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of depression. Conclusion: In our study, moderate fish and LC ω-3 PUFA intake, but not high intake, was associated with lower odds of depression suggesting a U-shaped relationship.
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Keywords:
fish; omega-3; eicosapentaenoic acid; docosahexaenoic acid; depression
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MDPI and ACS Style
Sánchez-Villegas, A.; Álvarez-Pérez, J.; Toledo, E.; Salas-Salvadó, J.; Ortega-Azorín, C.; Zomeño, M.D.; Vioque, J.; Martínez, J.A.; Romaguera, D.; Pérez-López, J.; López-Miranda, J.; Estruch, R.; Bueno-Cavanillas, A.; Arós, F.; Tur, J.A.; Tinahones, F.J.; Lecea, O.; Martín, V.; Ortega-Calvo, M.; Vázquez, C.; Pintó, X.; Vidal, J.; Daimiel, L.; Delgado-Rodríguez, M.; Matía, P.; Corella, D.; Díaz-López, A.; Babio, N.; Muñoz, M.Á.; Fitó, M.; García de la Hera, M.; Abete, I.; García-Rios, A.; Ros, E.; Ruíz-Canela, M.; Martínez-González, M.Á.; Izquierdo, M.; Serra-Majem, L. Seafood Consumption, Omega-3 Fatty Acids Intake, and Life-Time Prevalence of Depression in the PREDIMED-Plus Trial. Nutrients 2018, 10, 2000.
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