Comparative Analysis of Global and Regional Ionospheric Responses during Two Geomagnetic Storms on 3 and 4 February 2022

The present work examines the spatial and temporal distribution of positive and negative TEC anomalies on the global and regional scale. To study the local response of the ionosphere, foF2 data from ground ionosonde stations and TEC data from Madrigal and CODE databases have been used. The relative deviation, which also determines the type of TEC response during geomagnetic storms on 3 and 4 February 2022, is considered. In the present study, the regions of positive and negative TEC anomalies and their evolution during storms are examined in detail. As a result of the study, estimates of the following were obtained: (i) the location of the sectors of the polar regions, in where the particle precipitation from the solar wind is observed, (ii) the mid-latitude regions, in which the mechanism of influence of the O/N₂ ratio dominates, and (iii) the region around the equator, in which the influence of the electric field dominates. An attempt was made to determine which mechanism of influence of geomagnetic storms on the ionospheric electron density is dominant in different regions. The following main mechanisms are considered: (a) the additional ionization from the particles’ precipitation, (b) the change of the ratio of atomic oxygen (O) to molecular nitrogen (N₂) due to the heating of the neutral air, and (c) the influence on the equatorial ionospheric anomaly.